The Effective Use of Symbolism in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay

The Great Gatsby is probably the best bit of writing written in the twentieth century. It investigates the idea of westerners during difficulties and other social issues. The Great Gatsby isn't only a minor chronicled novel from 1920’s. Fitzgerald gives an incredible top to bottom examination of the lives of conventional individuals through the characters and the images in this book. Through these characters and images Fitzgerald depicts on the absence of good and profound estimations of the individuals and various parts of the general public. One of the three of primary images utilized in Great Gatsby is the valley of remains. â€Å"Immediately the debris dim men swarm up with heavy spades and work up an invulnerable cloud, which screens their dark activities from your sight† (Fitzgerald 23). This dim land proposes the numbness and reckless ness of the well off during the twentieth century. All these rich at any point envisioned about was their development rather the development as a country. This utilization of imagery delineates the tremendous measures of unexplored genuine world by the rich, and how they in every case live in their own hover of individuals accepting that cash is the main thing in this world. The opposite side of this imagery is the truth of the lives of individuals, for instance Mr. Wilson, powerless, he passed his long life in his carport with his troubled spouse, and how the inconsiderate presumptuous conduct of the wealthy at long last transformed him into a killer. This demonstrates how the rich individuals like Tom went about as a hindrance. These individuals mistreated the poor the entire time, and didn't offer them the chance to develop in their status rather utilized their sadness for their own wants. On the in spite of the above image, the following imagery delineates the objective and future based of an individual, which is the green ... ... the bad form; in this story the affluent. Mr. Wilson taking a gander at the board claims, â€Å"god sees everything† (Fitzgerald 160). Just poor and legit individuals like George Wilson could see god. This clarifies the visual deficiency of the rich and how god supported just moral individuals. Fitzgerald proposes that everybody is responsible to god and despite the fact that it might appear that no one is watching you that second, there is consistently an otherworldly force recording every one of your wrongdoings. The creator realizes this proposal as a notice to the individuals, and clarifies how the individuals didn't know about this alert during the 1920’s. The rich were profoundly inundated in the expanse of riches and couldn't swim out. Taking everything into account, Fitzgerald plainly summarizes the issues that people face through his compelling utilization of imagery. He likewise uncovers many intriguing realities about the lives of individuals.

Popular music composer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Well known music arranger - Essay Example Arrangers like Chopin, Schubert, and Saint-Saens seek to his enormity. While composing his music, he did it in full symphonic scores. His drafts were consistently last drafts while the majority of his works accomplished unbelievable status. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart got regard everywhere throughout the world in light of his ability as a set up, talented and experienced author. Because of his flawlessness in the old style method of music, Beethoven, a prestigious classical music arranger, concluded never to mirror him yet rather to make his new method of traditional music. Beethoven did this for the regard he had for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts work highlights offer one of the best equalization in history among symphony and solo instruments. He is likewise viewed as one of the best piano performers ever to elegance the earth and his ability at the violin are similarly skilled, causing him to be one of The finest artists ever to live. People were progressively liberal in their commendation for Wolfgang not just on the grounds that he was more youthful and increasingly talented musically yet in addition he was all the more engaging, free in his ways, and unconstrained (Melograni, and Cochrane. 2007). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s drama Don Giovanni is viewed as his most noteworthy single work due to its perfect

Odds Evens Ends

Odds Evens Ends Its been another late night at work, but I wanted to at least post a few odds ends CPW update: for everyone who has registered, we are in the process of matching you to an MIT student host. If you have registered, you will have a host. (More on this soon) Speaking of CPW our preview weekend is nothing like the Hearst College (Stanford South?) preview weekend on the most recent episode of Veronica Mars. For one thing, the weekend is not planned out for you, its more of a choose your own adventure-style weekend (with nearly 600 events over the span of 4 days!). And, while there will be parties, CPW is a 100% dry weekend. And while youll probably see people wearing shirts featuring pi, it wont be from any evil fraternities like in the episode (non-Veronica Mars fans are quite confused by now, Im sure). Trying to figure out what to pack for CPW? Check out the 10 day forecast. Following up on the cancer research information from the last post, MIT continues the thread here and here (check it out!). Not as important as cancer research but still affecting every one of us, MIT recently hosted a big conference on spam. A nice review of the MIT Museum and a review of an art exhibit at MIT (in the New York Times!). And for now, off to home, and a big dim sum outing tomorrow!

The Oil Spill Of The Petroleum Arena Essay - 897 Words

A company whose headquarters is based in London, England, BP PLC is one of the market leaders in the petroleum arena; who paired with Halliburton, and Transocean for what was intended to be a mutually beneficial partnership for all companies involved. On April 20, 2010, the company experienced one of the most historic events in the oil industry; which is referred to as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010 or Gulf of Mexico oil spill of 2010. To date, this event is noted as the largest marine oil spill to have ever occurred in the USA; extending to a total of 5 states. This spill worsened over a period of it Dean we voting in over 200,000,000 gallon of crude oil being pumped into the Gulf of Mexico. According to Dutta, (2013) a drilling rig was damaged when the explosion on 20th of April 2010 as work was being carried out on the Macondo well. This explosion not only affected the companies involved in the operations, but also affected humanity, the environment, and the economy. It took the oil a mere eight days to sink to the bottom of the rig and over three months of a leakage before BP could get the barrel capped. With such a disaster, many sectors were affected including tourism and fishing, whose impacts were directly compro mised. The beaches would have been affected, likewise, the sea, putting a halt to swimming and fisheries. In reviewing the circumstances surrounding the BP Deepwater oil spill, it can be noted that the company was initially focused on theShow MoreRelatedThe Beachfront Plain Is Undulating With Heights Somewhere Around Zero And 600m Above Ocean Level1740 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental damage and the World Bank s Chad-Cameroon oil and pipeline project. Amsterdam: Netherlands Committee for IUCN. Guyer, J. (2002). The Chad-Cameroon petroleum and pipeline development project. African Affairs, 101(402), 109-115. Horta, K., Nguiffo, S., Kemneloum DjiraïbeÃŒ , D. (2007). The Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project. 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Explication of Emily Dickinsons Poem Because I Could Not...

Explication of Because I could not stop for Death The poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson expresses the speakers reflection on death. The poem focuses on the concept of life after death. This poems setting mirrors the circumstances by which death approaches, and death appears kind and compassionate. It is through the promise of immortality that fear is removed, and death not only becomes acceptable, but welcomed as well. As human beings, we feel that death never comes at a convenient or opportune time. When Dickinson says, Because I could not stop for Death, she causes the reader to ask why she could not stop. The obvious answer is that she was so wrapped up in her own life that she did not think about†¦show more content†¦The journey enables her to see the stages of her life beginning with her childhood, then maturity, and, finally, old age. This is verified in the third quatrain by the third stanza, We passed the School, where Children strove/At Recess-in the Ring-/We passed the Fields of Gazing Gra in-/We passed the Setting Sun. When the sun sets and darkness surrounds the Earth, a cold eerie chill almost always accompanies it. This makes the speaker wonder if, in fact, the sun had actually passed her. She begins to notice how inappropriately she is dressed for such an occasion. The speaker now begins to realize that the coldness and chill are not external, but internal. It becomes clear to the speaker that the coldness and the chill are associated with death in the fourth stanza, Or rather-He passed Us-/The Dews drew quivering and chill-/For only Gossamer, my Gown-/My Tippet-only Tulle. The speakers metaphysical journey comes to an end at the cemetery, but somehow, the cold, dark, and eerie chill of the night seems unimportant. In total contentment, she views her resting-place. Although her gravestone is barely visible, she somehow recognizes it as her underground home. This is acknowledged in the fifth stanza, We passed before a House that seemed/A Swelling of the Ground-/Th e Roof was scarcely visible/The Cornice-in the Ground. The speaker realizes there is no price to pay for death, and death is not to be feared, but ratherShow MoreRelatedTheology Leads to Interpretation1336 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson’s extensive collection of poems on the subject of death can be better understood individually once time has been taken to view her works as whole. By viewing the works as a whole, it is possible to conclude a likely theological view point of the author and then apply this theology to the individual works in order to improve interpretation. Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is one such poem that when viewed individually is open to a wide scope of readingsRead MoreBecause I C Ould Not Stop Death1279 Words   |  6 PagesDickinsons Because I Could Not Stop For Death Collamer M Abbott. The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000.Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs People: Dickinson, Emily (1830-86) Author(s): Collamer M Abbott Document types: Feature Publication title: The Explicator. Washington: Spring 2000. Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs Source type: Periodical ISSN/ISBN: 00144940 Text Word Count 1077 Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=000000056709394Fmt=3cli entId=43168RQT=309VName=PQDRead MoreThemes of Death and Immortality in Emily Dickinsons Poetry Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Emily Dickinson’s poetry there is a reoccurring theme of death and immortality. 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Vol. 58, Iss. 3; pg. 140, 4 pgs Source type: Periodical ISSN/ISBN: 00144940 Text Word Count 1077 Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=000000056709394amp;Fmt=3amp;cli entId=43168amp;RQT=309amp;VName=PQDRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pageson â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† details the events the narrator experiences after dying. In the poem, the narrator is driven around in a horse-drawn carriage to several places, including a schoolyard, a field of wheat, and a house sunken in the ground. However, a deeper reading of the poem reveals the poet’s uncertainty of whether there is or is not an afterlife. The events she describes

Compared Writing Styles of Rowlandson, Bradford, and Byrd Free Essays

The writing styles of Rowlandson and Bradford are very similar, while Byrd’s writing style is different from the other two. Rowlandson’s journal is a narraritive of her captivity, and Bradfords journal is a narrative of his journey to and arrival at his destination in the New World. Byrd’s journal was was written as a satire, to essentially make fun of Rowlandson and Bradford’s religious views. We will write a custom essay sample on Compared Writing Styles of Rowlandson, Bradford, and Byrd or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mary Rowlandson kept the journal of her captivity to inform future generations of her experiences while being held captive and used as a slave by the Indians whom kidnapped her and her children. Rowlandon’s main purpose in this passage is to show how her experiences revealed Gods purpose. Throughout the passagee Rowlandson makes reference to how God helped her through this difficult time. She was very stong in her religion and her views on her faith in God. In the passage Rowlandson expressses her gratefulness that her belief in God kept her from committing suicide. â€Å"I cannot but take notice of the wondrful mercy of God to me in those afflictions, in sending me a Bible. The above quote is one of the many times she makes regerence to how appreciative she is of God in her tine of trouble. As Rowlandon writes, she uses multiple strategies throughout her passage. On one many being allegory. Rowlandon uses allegories by placing biblical quotations to give symbolic meaning to her experiences. William Bradford’s writing techniques and purpose are very similar to that of Rowlandson. Bradford writes about his voyage to the New World and experiences that take place once they reached land. Just like Rowlandon, Bradfords writing is to inform future generations of his experiences in the New World. Bradford give account of his voyage to the New World on the Mayflower, landding in the New world, and the hardships that he battled throughout it all. Bradford, much like Rowlandon, talked about how grateful he was for God to provide fot him and bring hin through his trials,. â€Å"But it pleased God before they came half seas over†¦. † In many instances, such as the above, Bradford gave God credit, and was very appreciative of it. William Byrd, unlike Bradford and Rowlandon, did not write a captivity nattatiive, but instead just kept an account of events. He did not give God credit for everything, but instead, used satire to make fun of Rowlandon and Bradford. Byrd was not saying that God meant nothing and he did not believe in him, but he did not constantly credit him with everything. As it is implied, Rowlandson and Bradford have very similar writing techniques, while Byrd had a different style than the other two. How to cite Compared Writing Styles of Rowlandson, Bradford, and Byrd, Essay examples

Research Report and Presentation Project

Question: The research project should be written for a cleaning company. Answer: Research Proposal Introduction Immaculate Cleaning Services" is a start-up cleaning game plans supplier changing the needs of neighbourhood holy places all through Central Arkansas. Immaculate Cleaning Services" will strive to offer customers with expert, awesome top quality sponsorship and convenient booking. Organizations will fuse waste exchange, window cleaning, outwardly disabled and upholstery cleaning, cover and hard surface floor covering consideration, restroom cleanliness and securing, cleaning, furniture upkeep, and irregular particular inward part cleaning courses of action. Mr. Smith will manage two fulltime workers as the year advanced. He will search for the organizations of extra variable work masters to help in the midst of the conceivable turbulent months. Mr. Smith will gathering, contract/fire pros, screen execution, perform payroll commitments, rehearse framework showcasing, bill customers, purchase supplies supplies, watch step by step budgetary information, keep up the site, and support with cleaning. Experts are vital parts of giving a refined, top quality cleaning organization; Immaculate Cleaning Services" will offer agreeable pay, extra illustrative preferences, and extensive application strategies to think the finest high top nature of customer sponsorship from all workers. Setting up a versatile time of time to clean is essential to both Immaculate Cleaning Services" and customers. Perfect Washing will help everyone assemblage once consistently inevitably even minded for each client. Clients will have the decision of extra cleanings in the midst of especially involved religious time periods. Background Organization Record Mission Immaculate Cleaning Services is a start-up cleaning arrangements organization support the needs of nearby sanctuaries all through Main "Arkansas". Immaculate Cleaning Services will try to offer clients with expert, five star top quality administration and functional masterminding (Arkansas Secretary of State, 2015). Items Services Overview Immaculate Cleaning Services arrangements to offer top quality cleaning answers for the houses of prayer inside Main "Arkansas". Administrations will comprise of spend comfort, screen cleaning, blind and decorations cleaning, floor covering and hard territory ground care, lavatory cleanliness and putting away, cleaning, furniture support, and intermittent particular inner cleaning arrangements. Lawful Structure John Smith, Chief official, enlisted for Articles of Development with the "Arkansas" Assistant of State's Office. He is the main manager. With exhortation from his CPA and legal adviser, Mr. Smith select to incorporate Immaculate Cleaning Services as an S-Corporation. Mr. Smith utilized the "Arkansas" Assistant of State's site to execute an endeavour name inquiry to verify that his chose organization name is not at present being utilized as a part of the state of "Arkansas". He coordinated the business; in this way, the organization name will be secured in the state of "Arkansas" (NAICS, 2015). Result The Cleaning Market has been a force behind the late advancement of the United States' help industry. This organizations are one of a divided state, blasting by a huge number of organizations with no critical business. The janitorial business likewise has few impediments to get to since moderately little start-up costs and low levels of experience are needed. These elements make the business alluring yet the contenders amazing (Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S. Department of Labour, , 2014). As indicated by the Institution of Labour and Research site's Work-related Perspective Guide, the employment standpoint for janitorial labourers is certain. "General vocation of building washing specialists is anticipated to become as brisk as consistent for all callings through 2014, as more office structures, living arrangement houses, instructive establishments, commercial ventures, restorative focuses, and different structures requesting washing are fabricated to give a developing populace and economy. The same number of firms site by gaining out the support and washing of structures, organizations offering janitorial and washing administrations on an agreement premise are obliged to have the best mixture of new assignments in this field. Albeit there have been a few improvements in proficiency in the way structures are washed and kept up utilizing gatherings of cleaning arrangements, for instance, and better washing suppliescleaning still is all that much a work escalated employ ment. Quicker than consistent improvement is anticipated among janitors and cleaning arrangements and among washing directors, however as fast as normal advancement is assessed for administration faculty and house cleaning arrangements. Notwithstanding openings for work heading up because of advancement, various open doors ought to result from the need to substitute the individuals who keep this huge calling every year. Restricted advancement potential, low pay, and the point that numerous errands are low maintenance and short-term, produce numerous to keep the calling, accordingly prompting the assortment of openings for work and the need to substitute these specialists." One of the most concerning issues and dangers of the organizations are, really, specialist incomes. Specialists are fundamental components of offering an accomplished, top quality washing administration; then again, "Faultless Cleaning Services" will give satisfactory pay, extra labourer advantages, and extensive application methodology to concentrate the finest high top nature of client backing from all labourers. The confinements to get to in the washing business are generally low prompting great contenders. Cleaning organizations are low capital organizations noteworthiness minimal expenditure is important. There are no official instructive or master necessities. Considerably experience inside the organizations are a bit unnecessary (Arkansas, 2014). Methodology Essential Services: Solutions will incorporate waste solace, window washing, blind and furniture washing, carpet and hard surface carpet care, washroom cleanliness and putting away, cleaning, furniture support, and occasional particular inner washing administrations. Immaculate Cleaning Services will focus on the inside space of otherworldly church structures. For expanded solace to customers, these offices will be accessible seven days a week and will be resolved by necessities. Circulation Channels: Perfect Cleaning will give benefits straightforwardly to sanctuaries and other church structures through various help assertions. Contracts will be created on a six month premise initially, toward the end of which, either gathering can take out from restoring the agreement. Valuing Framework Strategy: Immaculate Cleaning Services trusts it important to charge rates to churches focused around sq. feature instead of a level expense because of their diverse sizes. This will permit a value structure reasonable to all and additionally a useful framework used to recognize washing time needs and limits for every basilica. Immaculate Cleaning Services expects to be forceful inside the business, yet will focus on offering the finest excellent backing. Amid the creating stage, David Smith will keep on performing together with specialists performing the help, consequently giving work value advantages. This system will be effective by continuing working expenses at the very least and getting do it again business through superb, abbreviated perform. Wellsprings of Competitive Advantage: Immaculate Cleaning Services will increase forceful profits inside the commercial centre by contrast. Professionalism, unwavering quality, dependability, flexibility, beat astounding administrations, and a position at the front of the business are key elements that separate Immaculate Cleaning Services from the opposition. Cleaning administrations that give just to sanctuaries are moderately uncommon; consequently, Perfect can focus on the fragmented business for most extreme business. Immaculate Cleaning Services will likewise apply a 4-level fantastic examination plan to guarantee the finest brilliant perform from all specialists. Zones will be analysed for fulfilment of perform, convenience, accuracy and points of interest, and client help level. Also, Mr. Smith will frequently contact all clients for remarks, proposals for development, and audits concerning the high calibre of perform. Mr. Smith will expect nothing short of what high calibre from his labourers with a specific end goal to set up a decent picture inside the group (Economic Census, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2014). Implementation Strengths Dedication to quality backing Commitment to client care Esteem seen in its labourers Advantageous help schedule Holder involvement in the cleaning business Weaknesses New position in the commercial centre Shallow source stage Opportunities New industry with unlimited conceivable outcomes Business is showing dependable high development Threats Low limits for access of adversaries Simplicity of discovering choices Field Research Analysis For enhanced comfort to customers, these arrangements will be accessible day or night, seven days every 7 days, and will be resolved by necessities. Moreover, extra washing arrangements may be presupposed amid conventional profound observances/periods. Immaculate Cleaning Services will offer such extra arrangements when important to guarantee customers' congregation structures are palatable amid furious times. Immaculate Cleaning Services is mindful of the significance of extraordinary quality legitimate consideration and the estimation of customers' congregation structures. Customers can be guaranteed the holder and labourers will offer the most extreme legitimate need to all profound things and respect every single category. Customers will feel safe when picking Immaculate Cleaning Services as their washing help org. Numerous churches in the Central "Arkansas" spot pick church parts and others connected with the church, or minimal nearby washing answers for support their structures. They esteem associations and endeavours to the group. Immaculate Cleaning Services will try to advance durable associations with churches in the spot to pick up a typical respect and perform at the achievement of ordinary objectives. As per the most recent Demographics tabulation, cleaning help foundations in the condition went to 335 with complete receipts in excess of 119 million dollars. On the other hand, Immaculate Cleaning Services yearnings to spotlight on just an area of the condition. The most recent advancement has been in minimal autonomous capacities. Parts comprise of most recent styles of corporate scaling back and the enhanced capability of outsourcing. Organizations probably won't keep in-house washing workers. It is conceivably more achievable to delegate such arrangements, hence losing a certain level of obligation. Development in the business sector accomplices with enhanced contenders. There is doubtlessly contenders is exceptional inside the business; be that as it may, Immaculate Cleaning Services will rush to build a picture of professionalism, unwavering quality, dependability, top incredible quality, and trust in inside the picked segment or corner. Cleaning help organizations don't fundamentally require colossal work environment, if any. Some are home-based while others rental smaller than normal stockpiling units to store gear and supplies. The objective of Immaculate Cleaning Services, nonetheless, is to keep up an expert and top incredible quality picture. A bit, however decent, work environment will comfort customers about the incredible high calibre of perform and will advance have faith in the firm. Besides, the working environment will offer a safe gathering spot for all specialists (UALR Institute for Economic Advancement, 2004). The geographic area in North Little Rock is suitable in light of the fact that it is made inside the centred ranges that Immaculate Cleaning Services will serve. Satisfactory stopping is accessible for customers and labourers. The spot likewise gives incredible presentation, ordinary administration arrangements, simple accessibility, and a protected environment. Further, improvement in populace of the spotlight on ranges prompts advancement in church vicinity. Approximated consistently church building vicinity every centred area is incorporated underneath: Immaculate Cleaning Services trusts it important to charge rates to houses of prayer relying upon sq. feature instead of a level charge because of their diverse measurements. This will permit an expense structure more suitable to all and additionally a class project to separate specialist washing time needs and breaking points for every church. The expenses project will be a key advancement. Immaculate Cleaning can possibly offer answers for minimal, medium size, and enormous houses of prayer. Immaculate Cleaning Services will attempt to fabricate a ubiquity as the best of the best. This ubiquity and associations built with customers will help the business become through proposals and maintain existing understandings. Strategy System advancement and suggestions will be basic to achievement. Immaculate Cleaning Services won't be a "mass wholesaler" to clean administrations; subsequently, the proprietor and specialists basically can't deal with a mass publicizing crusade. Furthermore, Perfect Washing needs to speak to an individual and master picture to prospective clients. Flawless Washing will concentrate on five ranges for understanding work; nonetheless, Mr. Smith will start advancement in Pulaski Nation. The topographical circulation of zones makes it incapable to venture out to each of the five ranges in one day. Starting in one spotlight on province and concentrating on clients in the same topographical area will create the most effective capacities. As of now, Immaculate Cleaning Services has concurrences with three churches asking arrangements upon start-up. All are arranged in Pulaski Nation. Key parts of advancement advancements and techniques are recorded underneath. Immediate Sales or Client Conferences A huge advancement errand will be calling prospective clients, setting up sessions and presentations, and working through concurrences with new clients. Prompt reach prospective clients will permit Immaculate Cleaning Services a chance to pick up customers' trust in managing their congregation structures. Every week, Mr. Smith will contact prospective clients bearing in mind the end goal to set-up two client gatherings and cleaning presentations. First-Time Client Promotion Prospective clients will get a one-time business presentation cleaning of a piece of their house of prayer. This business presentation ought to take approximately one hour, after which a customary six-month assertion will be looked for. Referral Benefits Clients will get a 10% lower cost on their next cleaning when they allude a prospective client who signs the introductory 6-month assertion. Visitor Fulfilment Study Immaculate Cleaning Services needs to know how they are getting along! A fold over post cards will be left generally once month to month saying because of clients for their organization. Within this cards will be a short review, for example, supposition segment, which can be gave way and dropped into a post box absolutely without any conveyance. Customers will get a little lower cost for tuning in. Customers additionally have the alternative of rounding out portable computer phone at the page. Web Presence Immaculate Cleaning Services will keep up a straightforward website page posting arrangements accessible, reach points of interest, and showcasing exercises, for example, markdown rates, presentations, and so forth. The URL location will be incorporated on all charge cards, signs, flyers, fulfilment reviews, welcomes, and cards to say thanks. Limited time Components Immaculate Cleaning Services will use advancements, for example, enlightening lists, Visas, yellow page advertisements, and an interesting organization logo to deliver organization. Occasional mail will be sent to prospective clients illustrating the 100 % free presentations, proposal remunerates, and website page. Client Demand: According to the numerical points of interest gave, Immaculate Cleaning Services reports a prominent necessity for master, top quality church cleaning arrangements. Despite the fact that necessity may be extraordinary, the proprietor and specialists can just administration a little piece of the business. As the populace becomes, extra churches are fundamental and must be washed routinely. Flawless Washing will exploit the incredible improvement in this specific corner. As per examination distributed by the "Arkansas" Business Directory, there are about 1,000 sanctuaries in the five spotlight on territories of Pulaski, Faulkner, Saline, Garland, and Lonoke. Assuming Immaculate Cleaning Services achieves their July Year 1 objective of acquiring 8 sanctuaries, just 0.8% of the business will be taken. Development prospective is vast, however needy upon specialist or firm size and abilities. Research Report and Presentation Introduction Mr. Smith will be responsible for all administration obligations, excluding proficient exercises directed by his bulletin group made up of his lender, Qualified Public Financial counsel, protection intermediary, and ASBDC counsellor. Mr. Smith won't look for the administrations of an administration partner until huge development trusts it important. Thusly, the business structure is truly basic. Mr. Smith will deal with two fulltime specialists as the year progressed. He will look for the administrations of additional differing work labourers to support amid the potential riotous months. Background and purpose Full time specialists will be responsible for playing all preparation programs. Experienced workers will prepare all new utilizes. Representatives' essential obligations incorporate waste accommodation, window washing, blind and furniture washing, mat and hard surface carpet care, lavatory cleanliness and putting away, cleaning, furniture support, and occasional particular inner part washing administrations. Workers will be qualified in all spots of washing, then again, may be told to particular spots at the washing site to take into consideration most extreme execution. Representatives will be educated recently eccentric perform times needed for this calling. Places of worship generally encounter high activity every weekend; in any case, numerous houses of prayer have guests day by day. Setting up an adaptable time of time for washing is vital to both "Perfect Cleaning Services" and clients. Flawless Cleaning will benefit every house of prayer once every week eventually advantageous for every client. Customers will have the choice of additional cleanings amid particularly occupied otherworldly time times. The manager and all labourers must be eager to perform atypical, now and then postponed hours keeping in mind the end goal to get the washing attained to while the church building is closed. Research Method Immaculate Cleaning Services will offer help in "groups." Groups will accelerate the cleaning process and build execution on the grounds that each one gathering member will execute specific ventures at each one spot. Gatherings will be regulated on help top quality by the director (manager). Amid the starting levels, the proprietor will be at each site to aid workers and to execute a top quality examination of their performance. The groups will include three individuals amid the first season of business: Mr. David Smith and two full- time representatives. One additional gathering member will be included each one season for quite a long time two or three (issa, 2014). A particular time-table will be given to the buyer to demonstrate specific errands to be directed on site. All partners will get a copy of the rundown, for example, specific occupation prerequisites. As indicated by industry reports, every labourer can possibly crisp approximately 800 sq. ft. hourly when the "group framework" is used. In this way, a bit basilica of 2,400 sq. ft. should take three workers once to new. A more extended period will be contributed stacking and emptying supplies and heading to each one spot. Analysis Credit Policies: Immaculate Cleaning Services will offer clients with a starting six 30 days cleaning understanding. Washing administrations will be led consistently and charged on the most recent day of every 30 days. Customers will have until the Fifteenth of the accompanying 30 days to pay their receipt. Deferred instalments will get a little charge based upon aggregate sum due. Customers will have an instalment alternative for the lifetime or consistently instalments. Immaculate Cleaning Services will consent to bank cards, money, inspect, or clerk's look at for instalment. Staff: One of the most serious issues and dangers of the business sector is, truth be told, specialist incomes. Specialists are imperative components of offering an expert, incredible quality washing administration; accordingly, Immaculate Cleaning Services will offer sufficient pay, additional labourer advantages, and far reaching system procedures to draw out the finest extraordinary high calibre of client backing from all representatives. Assessing Applicants: Immaculate Cleaning Services will try to offer a broad project. Applicants will record an advance structure and will be approached for a gathering. The manager will perform examinations and check hotspots for all candidates. All steps will be recorded and archived for accuracy and lawful resistance. Competitors will be advised on employment obligations, particulars, and the general targets of top incredible quality backing. Just the best representatives will be utilized. New Employees: Immaculate Cleaning Services will offer momentous honing to all new representatives in different ventures. All representatives ought to show an eager and capable mentality to perform each assignment. On location instructing will include coupling another look for the administrations of with a present labourer to murkiness their performance. All representatives will be responsible for perusing the workers guide and choosing an assertion demonstrating that they have in fact perused and see all association rules and strategies. Specialists needn't bother with critical experience inside the business; in this manner, aptitude sets may be low at a lot of span of look for the administrations of. Organization drilling will offer workers with aptitudes expected to be effective. An extraordinary perform attitude and psyche set are needed. Two complete-time workers will be utilized upon start-up. Mr. Smith will likewise offer washing administrations. A third low maintenance specialist will be utilized for the months of Dec and Jan of the first season. In Aug of the second season of business, Mr. Smith arrangements to look for the administrations of one additional full-time labourer and keep up both present representatives. Once more, one low maintenance labourer will be used for Dec and Jan of the second season to take care of prevalent demand. Regalia: All specialists are obliged to wear outfits showing the organization name and organization logo. Regalia will further enhance Immaculate Cleaning Services proficient general look and business sector answers for prospective clients. Pay Policies: Perfect Washing will offer a consistently pay schedule. Representatives showing extraordinary perform schedules will be given a raise each one season. Representative Force: The proprietor will help labourers at all spots amid the first season of organization. Immaculate Washing will utilize two extra full-time representatives. In light of firm development, the proprietor may look for the administrations of an administration partner to make client help and issue calls, meet with clients, and contact prospective houses of prayer letting them know of the top quality cleaning arrangements gave. Gadgets, Technology, Inventory: Perfect Washing will utilize the lion's share of stores obtained for obtaining speculation cleaning supplies, gives, and trusts. The approximated requirements for start-up supplies and gives are separated by maker, amount, and cost in the working arrangement. Moreover, the proprietor will exchange his individual asset, a van, to the organization for perform reasons, for example, transporting gear, gives, and specialists to each one site. Evaluation Immaculate Cleaning Services will attempt to keep stock phases of gives at the very least just purchasing the fitting amount of gives every month. All cleaning utility caddy will be spared with gadgets at the organization area. Because of the way of help organizations, Immaculate Cleaning Services won't acquire huge quality from stock stages. Immaculate Cleaning Services will purchase all cleaning gadgets and gives from the general cleaning supplier BCB Washing Supplies. BCB Washing Supplies gives in excess of 10,000 cleaning things at each of their 30 assembling offices national. Notwithstanding such an extensive variety of things, they offer amazing customer help, colossal rebates, spend examination affirming, every minute of every day purchasing, and a customer advantages program. Great associations with suppliers are vital; notwithstanding, Immaculate Cleaning Services will much of the time watch the expenses and backing of other general cleaning suppliers to guarantee useful expense advantages. Immaculate Cleaning Services won't be an actually extraordinary organization. Specialized needs will be restricted to a machine, printer, printing gadget, fax, phone, programming, and web vicinity. Right now, the name and logo are not secured from IP infringement by pictures. The name is secured inside the condition of "Arkansas" since the organization incorporated. Later on, a mark may be fancied. Recommendation and Conclusion Immaculate Cleaning Services will purchase security arrangement program with the help of C. Marshall, protection strategy specialist for Secure Insurance Group. The system will comprise of flame, obligation, car, and labourers settlement scope. As the organization gets to be effective, the choices of organization disturbance, key man protection approach, and specialist advantage protection scopes will be explored. The citation is placed in the helping records. The organization should experience short of what valuable conditions in any viewpoint, for example, attractiveness, profit, workers issues, and wage issues, and so on. Mr. Smith will first move the organization to his home. The home-based organization will lower costs impressively. Furthermore, if request among the churches is low, Immaculate Cleaning Services will consider developing the intended interest group to comprise of different structures, eating spots, instructive establishments, and so forth. At last, Mr. Smith will consider finishing the organization and selling all assets and gadgets to pay back the staying amount obtained, offering the organization to an alternate cleaning organization, or tackling an accomplice with more experience and quality. References Arkansas Secretary of State, 2015. Arkansas Secretary of States Office. Arkansas, 2014. Business Directory, USA: ASBDC research library. Bureau of Labour Statistics, U.S. Department of Labour, , 2014. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Economic Census, U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2014. Economic Fact Sheet on the Internet. issa, 2014. International Sanitary Supply Association. [Online] NAICS, 2015. UALR Institute for Economic Advancement, 2004. "Arkansas Statistical Abstract, USA: ASBDC research library.

All About Exterior Paint Problems and How to Fix Them

All About Exterior Paint Problems and How to Fix Them What are the safest ways to remove paint? Does exterior paint need to be taken off down to the bare wood? Do heat guns really work? These are questions homeowners around the world face. You are not alone. Fortunately, the paint problems of one persons home are the same faced by other homeowners. Believe it or not, the  U.S. Department of the Interior has come to the rescue. It wasnt until 1966 that the U.S. became serious  about preserving its historic heritage. Congress passed the National Historic Preservation Act and charged the  National Park Service (NPS)  with supporting historic preservation programs and activities. Their handy series of preservation briefs are geared toward historic buildings, but the information is great professional advice that anyone can use. Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork,  Preservation Brief 10, was written by Kay D. Weeks and David W. Look, AIA for the Technical Preservation Services. Although written back in 1982 for historic preservationists, these recommendations are good starting points for homeowners to come to terms with what needs to be done. Here is a summary of the historic preservation guidance and expertise for painting exterior wood siding - with links to more information from the original brief. Selecting the Safest Method to Remove Paint Removing paint involves work - that is, the manual labor of abrasion. How much time and effort are put into paint removal (or paint preparation) is a judgment call and may be the most difficult decision you make. Basically, you can remove paint from your homes exterior siding by three methods: 1. Abrasive: Rubbing, scraping, sanding, and generally using friction. Use a putty knife and/or a paint scraper to dislodge anything loose. Then use sandpaper (orbital or belt sanders are okay) to smooth each area. Do not use rotary drill attachments (rotary sanders and rotary wire strippers), do not water blast or pressure wash, and do not sandblast. These abrasive methods may be too harsh to the siding itself. Pressure washing above 600 psi may force moisture into places where it should not go. A gentle garden hose for cleaning up is okay. 2. Thermal and Abrasive: Heating paint to a melting point and then scraping it from the surface.  For thick layers of built-up paint, use an electric heat plate, an electric heat gun, or a hot air gun that heats from 500 °F to 800 °F. The blow torch is not recommended. 3. Chemical and Abrasive: Using a chemical reaction to soften the paint to make it easier to scrape away. For many reasons, use chemicals only as a supplement to other methods of paint removal. They are too dangerous for you and the environment. Two classes of chemicals are solvent-based strippers and caustic strippers. A third category is biochemical, which may be marketed as bio- or eco- but its the chemical part that makes it work. Paint Removal Precautions Any house built before 1978 may have lead-based paint. Do you really want to remove it? Also, dont substitute speed for safety. Only use the recommended methods listed above. Keep yourself safe and your house in one piece. Paint Surface Conditions and Recommended Treatments Ask yourself why you want to paint your house. If there is no paint failure, adding another layer of paint may actually be harmful. When paint builds up to a thickness of approximately 1/16 (approximately 16 to 30 layers), say the authors of Preservation Brief 10, one or more extra coats of paint may be enough to trigger cracking and peeling in limited or even widespread areas of the buildings surface. Repainting buildings for cosmetic reasons are not always good reasoning. Sometimes you dont need to remove old paint at all, especially for these conditions: Dirt and Grime: Sometimes road dirt and salt can make siding look worse than it is. Clean it with l/2 cup of household detergent in a gallon of water with a medium soft bristle brush and then a gentle hosing.Mildew: Clean with a medium soft brush using one cup non-ammoniated detergent, one-quart household bleach, and one gallon of water. Try to open the area to the sun to avoid further mildew.Paint chalking is that white film on the surface of old paint that is breaking down. Clean the area with a medium soft brush using l/2 cup household detergent to one gallon of water.Stained paint occurs most often from metal or wood becoming moist and coloring the painted surface. Determine the cause of the stain, but its usually unnecessary to remove the paint. Limited paint removal can be considered for these conditions: Paint Crazing: Crazing is fine, jagged interconnected breaks in the top layer of paint. It happens when a house has many layers of paint that become hard and brittle, not allowing expansion and contraction with the wood. Sand off a layer and repaint.Paint Blistering: To distinguish between solvent blistering and blistering caused by moisture, a blister should be cut open.Wrinkled Paint: This happens when the paint has been put on incorrectly. The authors call this an error in application. In a historic building, leave a small out-of-the-way patch untouched for archival purposes. A record of all of the paint layers through the history of the house is useful for future historians. Unfortunately, some conditions require complete removal of exterior paint: Paint Peeling: Before painting, remove sources of moisture inside and outside, as described by the authors: Excess interior moisture should be removed from the building through installation of exhaust fans and vents. Exterior moisture should be eliminated by correcting the following conditions prior to repainting: faulty flashing; leaking gutters; defective roof shingles; cracks and holes in siding and trim; deteriorated caulking in joints and seams; and shrubbery growing too close to painted wood.Cracking and Alligatoring: These symptoms are advanced stages of crazing. General Paint Type Recommendations Paint type is not the same aa s paint color. The type of paint to choose depends on the conditions, and most old (historic) homes will have oil-based paint somewhere in the mix. Remembering that this article was written in 1982, these authors seem to like oil-based paints. They say, The reason for recommending oil rather than latex paints is that a coat of latex paint applied directly over old oil paint is more apt to fail. Justification for Paint Removal A major purpose for exterior paint is to keep the moisture out of your home. Often you dont need to remove paint down to the bare wood. To do so usually requires harsh methods that may damage the wood. Also, the layers of paint on a house are like the rings of a tree trunk - they provide a history that future owners may want to analyze in a laboratory during an architectural investigation. Painting a house every 5 to 8 years protects exterior wood siding from moisture penetration - and can add some zing to your homes curb appeal. Regular maintenance of a house will include mere cleaning, scraping, and hand sanding. Where there is a paint failure, determine and fix the cause before you even begin a painting project. Treating paint problems often means a total painting of the structure may be unnecessary. However, if you determine that you need to paint your house, keep two things in mind before you repaint: (1) only remove the top layer of paint down to the next sound layer; and (2) use the gentlest means possible. The authors summarize their findings by repeating their cautious approach to painting and paint removal. The bottom line is this: There is no completely safe and effective method of removing old paint from exterior woodwork. Learn More PDF Secretary of the Interiors Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties With Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring, Reconstructing Historic Buildings by Kay Weeks and Anne E. Grimmer, 1995, revised 2017 by Anne E. GrimmerNotes: Headings are linked to the complete section of Preservation Brief 10 on the NPS website. Quotations are from that online version. The order of sections on this page may differ from the official version. A 12-page, black and white PDF version of Preservation Brief 10 is also available.

Free Essays on An Ethical Dilemna

An Ethical Dilemna Dilemma- Taken from: Business Ethics - Ethical Decision Making and Cases A Real Life Situation pages 62-63 By: O.C. Farrell Sandy was one of only a handful of women who had broken through the â€Å"glass ceiling† and made their way into management. She had proved to the men around her that she deserved the job, and she was now being toasted by assistant managers from other plants across the country John, her boss, had been her advocate with the company. He had personally lobbied upper management in her behalf. Unity Welding and Construction is a national firm with twenty fabrication plants, primarily in the South. The company does contract work for other companies that require welding or fabrication of metals into items used in the construction of aircraft, ships, bridges, and component parts for consumer durables. Each plant caters to specific industries. Sandy’s plant produces parts primarily for the automotive industry and is located in Arizona. Arizona is perfect f or Sandy because of her acute asthma problems. As a teenager, she once visited relatives in Atlanta and had to be hospitalized because of her reactions to the different plants and foliage. Sandy’s doctor told her at the time that she would have fewer problems with her asthma if she resided in one of the arid regions of the United States. Six months had passed since Sandy’s promotion, and her first performance rating from John was excellent. John told her that if she continued this type of performance, she would probably be a plant manager in three to six years. Sandy developed some innovative ways to increase productivity during her six months on the job. For example, she successfully implemented a â€Å"team concept,† which gave responsibility for certain proje... Free Essays on An Ethical Dilemna Free Essays on An Ethical Dilemna An Ethical Dilemna Dilemma- Taken from: Business Ethics - Ethical Decision Making and Cases A Real Life Situation pages 62-63 By: O.C. Farrell Sandy was one of only a handful of women who had broken through the â€Å"glass ceiling† and made their way into management. She had proved to the men around her that she deserved the job, and she was now being toasted by assistant managers from other plants across the country John, her boss, had been her advocate with the company. He had personally lobbied upper management in her behalf. Unity Welding and Construction is a national firm with twenty fabrication plants, primarily in the South. The company does contract work for other companies that require welding or fabrication of metals into items used in the construction of aircraft, ships, bridges, and component parts for consumer durables. Each plant caters to specific industries. Sandy’s plant produces parts primarily for the automotive industry and is located in Arizona. Arizona is perfect f or Sandy because of her acute asthma problems. As a teenager, she once visited relatives in Atlanta and had to be hospitalized because of her reactions to the different plants and foliage. Sandy’s doctor told her at the time that she would have fewer problems with her asthma if she resided in one of the arid regions of the United States. Six months had passed since Sandy’s promotion, and her first performance rating from John was excellent. John told her that if she continued this type of performance, she would probably be a plant manager in three to six years. Sandy developed some innovative ways to increase productivity during her six months on the job. For example, she successfully implemented a â€Å"team concept,† which gave responsibility for certain proje...

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example About London Eye London Eye is a hotel and restaurant that will operate in London. The main reason for opening this hotel is that London has always been one of the most attractive tourist destinations for visitors in the United Kingdom. There are several places that attract the attention of tourists, such as Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Madame Tussauds and many more. The hotel will be easily affordable to every type of visitor irrespective of their purpose, such as individual tourists, tourists in groups and visitors on business purposes. The hotel will have five floors with ten rooms in each. It will also provide restaurant facilities where not only hotel guests but also outside visitors can come in order to dine. The hotel will have conference halls for official meetings, conferences and seminars, as well as banquet halls for parties, marriage ceremonies and other family functions. The hotel will also have its own swimming pool, shopping mall, gym and other entertainment amenities f or kids. This total project is expected to incur a cost of ?2 million. Mission of London Eye The main aim of the hotel is to provide their customers with a warm and friendly ambience where they can enjoy alone or with their family. It is a place where the customers can expect to get everything of an optimum quality and at affordable prices. The hotel will attract its customers with its warm, soothing tone and elegant decor. The rooms, along with the restaurant, will have comfortable furnishing. The warm and friendly behaviour of employees as well as the environment of the hotel are expected to offer a pleasant and memorable experience to the customers. Overview of the Whole Plan The construction of the hotel will begin in March 2014. For building the hotel, a renowned construction company has been hired and deals have been finalised. It has prior experience in constructing resorts and shopping malls, and has assured to use quality raw material, advanced technology and skilled labour with sufficient expertise in this field. Its architect has designed the outlay of the hotel considering the preferences and favours of both local and international customers. For the interior of London Eye, professional designers have been hired with prior experiences in designing interiors of hotels of international standards. The hotel will have different categories of rooms for different types of customers. Business suites are rooms with one bed, especially for customers on business trips. Family suites are specially designed for large families who are generally on vacation, mainly consisting of large size beds and special facilities for kids. Honeymoon suites are designed for honeymoon couples with facilities such as a candle light dinner, which is offered to them free of cost for a day. Apart from this, the hotel will have other facilities such as conference rooms, a bowling alley, banquet halls, a swimming pool and a restaurant. The interiors will be designed keeping the purp ose of the room in mind. All sorts of modern amenities will be installed for the comfort and pleasure of the customers. The restaurant of London Eye will comprise cuisines of various countries. This is made in order to ensure that international customers visiting the hotel are able to choose from a variety of dishes as per their tastes. This will provide customers with lot of choices under one roof from where they

Research Methods Paper- Explore either Attraction or Procrastination Essay

Research Methods Paper- Explore either Attraction or Procrastination - Essay Example In particular, this research would dwell on the influence of physical looks in developing a romantic relationship. The study would use the normative survey technique under descriptive method of research. Descriptive normative survey is a fact finding study which goes beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data. This approach attempts to establish norms or standards based on a wide class of survey data. In addition, it is used to collect demographics data about people’s behavior, practices, intentions, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and judgments. Since this research is concerned with commonality of some elements, the researchers would be able to gather adequate and accurate interpretations on the attitudes of young people’s valuing of physical looks when engaging in a romantic relationship. The survey method was chosen for this project since it is an inexpensive way of collecting even a large amount of data. However, a survey can also be a failure if the questionnaire is poorly constructed and the implementation of the survey was not well monitored. Also, participants may have ambivalent answers when confronted with an answer choice. It must also be taken into account that bias can also occur when the sampling is not properly considered. Nevertheless, the survey method would best fit the needs of this research since the subjects are high school students and their perception cannot be quantified. The instrument that would be used to collect data is the questionnaire. This was chosen because it gathers data faster than any other method. Besides, the respondents are high school students 13-16 who could easily read the questionnaires with ease and full privacy. Also, this method is easy to use for a large number of participants and can be arranged and quantified since it supplies standardized answers. Each question would be assigned a numerical code to ease the

Durkheims Approach to Sociological Analysis

Durkheims Approach to Sociological Analysis Outline the main features of Durkheims approach to sociological analysis, and discuss how this may be used to understand suicide rate. Durkheim was a French positivist, with an emphasis on functionalism, which revolves around a biological analogy where in society, is seen as an organic whole with each component working to maintain the others, similar to the human body. Its main interest is seeing how these parts create a stable whole. One of the main areas of Durkheims approach is the focus on social facts, these are social phenomena and ways of thinking and behaving that restrain individuals in some manner or other and can include institutions such as the state and education. They appear from collectively formed rules and practices, be they religious or secular and are beyond our control as individuals. Because of these social facts individuals have littler or no control over their own actions, rather than constructing their own world they are directed by the system as society needs certain social behaviours and phenomena to survive. These social facts are passed on from generation to generation and shared among the individuals. From this perspective it is not individual will that drives behaviours but rather the common norms and values of society that shape ones consciousness. Not only are these types of behaviour and thinking external to the individual, but they are endued with a compelling and coercive power b y virtue of which, whether he wishes it or not, they impose themselves upon him (Durkheim, 1895 pp50). These social facts form the basis of a collective consciousness, which Durkheim sees as the body of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of a society (Durkheim, 1893). This collective consciousness promotes solidarity, forging a common bond between individuals in a society, creating a form of order and stability. Without a form of moral consensus there would be conflict and disorder From where interest is the only ruling for each individual finds himself in a state of was with every other (Durkheim, 1973, p89) Since the collective consciousness is a social fact it too constrains individuals to act in terms of the greater good and for the good of the society and is deeply imprinted on the individual as without it there would be no society as we know it. These social facts can have problems if they regulate too much or not enough, without enough control the individual would give in to their own wants and desires, with too much they would feel repressed, inevitably both will lead to deviance, that being going against the norms and values of society. From a collective consciousness come two forms of solidarity, organic and mechanical. Organic solidarity is based upon a dependence that individuals in an advanced society place on each other. It is common among societies where the division of labor is high. Though individuals perform different tasks and often have different values and interests, the order and survival of society depends on their reliance on each other to perform their specific tasks. Mechanical solidarity on the other hand is based upon the similarities among individuals in a society, within it people feel connected through similar work, education and religious practices. It primarily exists in societies that possess a low division of labour where this is little interdependence between individuals and where there is a basic or lack of organisation and compared to societies with organic solidarity there is more value placed on religion, society and its interests and there is a greater collective consciousness and les s emphasise placed on individualism, that being where you count yourself as an individual rather than part of a group, putting yourself first etc (Haralambos 2004 pp). From organic solidarity and individualism can come anomie, this is a sense of normlessness, where norms themselves are unclear, broken down or unregulated If the rules of the conjugal morality lose their authority, and the mutual obligations of husband and wife become less respected, the emotions and appetites ruled by this sector of morality will become unrestricted and uncontained, and accentuated by this very release; powerless to fulfil themselves because they have been freed from all limitations, these emotions will produce a disillusionment which manifests itself visibly(Durkheim, 1972, p. 173) He noted that it was common in societies that possessed a less defined collective consciousness and a higher amount of individualismThe state of anomie is impossible whenever interdependent organs are sufficiently in cont act and sufficiently extensive. If they are close to each other, they are readily aware, in every situation, of the need which they have of one-another, and consequently they have an active and permanent feeling of mutual dependence.(Durkheim, 1895, p184) Imbalances in the amount of regulation caused by social facts and the amount of integration from solidarity are one of the main factors within suicide, less advanced societies having too much integration and regulation and industrial societies have too littler of either. Durkheim said that suicide was a social act, not entirely an individual one revolving around the relationships between the individual and society. He found that there was a correlation between the suicide rate and various social facts. For example he found that suicide rates were higher in protestant countries than catholic ones, he also found that there was a low rate during times of social and political upheaval due to the amount of solidarity that such events creates (Durkheim in Marsh, pp66-69). He laid out four types of suicide, depending on the degree that individuals were involved in society and on the degree that their behaviour was regulated. The four types being egoistic, anomic, altruistic and fatalistic. Egoistic suicide is common in industrial societies with high amounts of division of labour and comes from a high amount of individualism, which stems from a low amount of integration due to a weak collective consciousness from the social groups from which they originally belonged; in effect society allows the individual to escape it In this case the bond attaching man to life relaxes because that attaching himself to society is itself slack (Durkheim in Marsh pp67). This sort of suicide Durkheim said accounted for the differences of suicide rates between Protestants and Catholics, with Catholicisms demanding a higher amount of conformity, in comparison to the Protestant church that encouraged the individual to interpret the religious texts in their own way without stigma. Another type of suicide common in industrial societies is anomic which results from a low amount of regulation. It occurs when norms and values are disrupted by social change, procuring feelings of uncertainty with in the individual. Whenever serious readjustments take place in the social order, whether or not due to a sudden growth or to an unexpected catastrophe, men are more inclined to self destruction (Durkheim in K. Thompson, 1971, pp109) Durkheim found that suicide rates rose during positive as well as negative directions of social change. He noted that there was a rise after the crash of the Paris stock exchange in 1882 and the conquest of Rome in 1870 by Victor-Emmanuel which resulted in rising salaries and living standards but also a rise in the suicide rate. On the opposite side of the spectrum is altruistic suicide that comes from a high amount of integration and strong feeling of society and solid collective consciousness. This form of suicide is mostly present in pre-industrial societies who possess mechanical solidarity. This was seen as a self sacrifice for the good of the group This sacrifice then is imposed by society for social ends (Durkheim in Marsh, pp68). It is not done because it seen as the best option but more out of a sense of duty to said group. For someone to do such an act out of duty then they must have little self worth, the individual being fully submerged into a group and feeling like just a part of a greater thing, thus highly integrated. For society to be able to compel some of its members to kill themselves, the individual personality can have little value. For as soon as the latter begins to form, the right to existence is the first conceded (Ibid, pp68) Various examples of this can be seen throughout history, Vikings considers it dishonourable to die of old age or sickness and so ended their own lives to avoid social disgrace. Durkheim placed no importance on fatalistic suicide, saying that it had more place in history than in modern societies. It occurred when society restricted an individual so much that they were repressed, feeling that they had no futures or dreams. One of the major criticisms of Durkheims analysis is his concepts of integration and regulation. Durkheim gives no hint as to how one would measure integration or regulation for example he simply asks us to assume that such underlying concepts are significant in relation to the explanation of suicide. He assumes that suicidal behavior results from a deviation from normal levels of integration and regulation. We are given no idea what exactly is a normal level, so we cannot say what amount of regulation and integration is normal or abnormal (Web ref 1). However with some work, it could be possible to come up with various test relating to theses concepts, so that we could measure them among different groups in society. A second criticism is that his work on suicide is based upon official statistics from the 19th century He gives us little idea about the reliability of the source of the statistics and the methods used in recording them could not be up to scratch, some could be wrong, s ince they were hand written things could be misread and so on. Another factor is that the determination of suicide involves is process of interpretation by numerous people such as policemen, doctors, coroners etc (Ibid). In this respect, we have no real way of determining either the reliability or validity of suicide statistics. The coroner is the one who decides whether death was due to suicide or not and various factors can sway his judgment towards it not being so. The individuals verdict depends on their outlook on their work and on their outlook on suicide. Some would be thorough in the investigation whilst others would be concerned about not intruding upon the rights and feelings of the surviving relatives. For example if the victim was Catholic, since traditionally the Catholic Church view suicide as a sin, the coroner may well make his decision based on the effect that the stigma that a suicide verdict carries may have on the relatives. It is known that coroners in Catholic countries such as Italy and Mexico are more-reluctant to classify a suspicious death as suicide than coroners in non-Catholic countries. Another fact is that some countries suicide is classified as a crime, in such countries, coroners tend to be more-reluctant to classify a death as suicide than in countries where such a law does not apply, for example when suicide was illegal in Britain the punishment was that deceased property would be ceased by the state, so it would be justifiable to deem a suicide as something else to avert any more tragedy. Also where the victim was insured against death, coroners tend to be less likely to classify death as suicide than in instances where there is none, as such an act can void the coverage. One final criticism is that he does not take into look into individual action as a cause; however he does briefly acknowledge it but claims that it has no part in sociology (Ibid) Bibliography Durkheim, E (1973). Moral Education. Macmillan USA Durkheim, E (1975). On Morality and Society. revised ed. Chicago: Chicago University Press Durkheim, E (1982). The Rules of the Sociological Method. revised ed. London: The Free Press. Durkheim, E (1997). The Division of Labour in Society. revised ed. London: The Free Press Haralambos and Holborn (2004). Sociology themes and perspectives. 6th ed. London: Collin Marsh.I (1998). Classic and Contemporary Readings in Sociology. London: Pretince Hall. Thompson.K and Tunstall.J (1983). Sociological Perspectives. 9th ed. London: Penguin Books

An analysis of Virginia Woolf’s Essay

During the time in which she wrote Mrs Dalloway, on June 19, 1923, Virginia Woolf made a diary entry which expressed a key thought she intended to incorporate in the novel: †In this book, I have almost too many ideas. I want to give life and death, sanity and insanity. I want to criticise the social system, and show it at work, at its most intense. † While some critics have insisted that Virginia Woolf did not care about social values, her husband later said that she was profoundly interested in the social issues of the world around her. This is borne out in Mrs. Dalloway, which does not turn away from the social and political issues of her time. Her characters turn to politics, questioning the status quo and the social order in which they lived. Woolf largely addressed these issues indirectly, showing her views in her works without the authorial interpretation that might be found in a traditional novel; she leaves final judgement to her readers. Mrs Dalloway came at a time when many social critics in England questioned the prevailing ideology. Prior to the war, England had stood at the head of a great empire, upon which the sun never set. When the war ended, England counted herself among the victorious powers, but the horrific losses of the war had destroyed the imperial confidence. In the wake of the war, many people sought to break out of the old thinking to find some new way of understanding the world. In the opening sentence of the novel, Clarissa Dalloway proclaims her independence: â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself. † (Woolf 3) She will do this because Lucy has so much work to do. First of all, â€Å" Mrs. Dalloway† and â€Å"Lucy. † Her maid has no last name, and her own name appends her to her husband. Further, while she feels she is taking on a part of the work that more properly is Lucy’s, her â€Å"work† is only a matter of buying flowers. Woolf injects similar irony throughout the novel, following on the idea suggested in this very first sentence, theme of social commentary. In Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf shows the abiding superficiality of the social order of which Clarissa Dalloway is a member. Early in this section, Clarissa Dalloway thinks of Miss Kilman, a Communist whom she regards as callous, because she brought out guilt feelings in Clarissa: Miss Kilman would do anything for the Russians, starved herself for the Austrians, but in private inflicted positive torture, so insensitive was she, dressed in a green mackintosh coat. Year in and year out she wore that cost; she perspired; she was never in the room five minutes without making you feel her superiority, your inferiority; how poor she was; how rich you were; how she lived in a slum without a cushion or a bed or a rug or whatever it might be, all her soul rusted with that grievance sticking in it, her dismissal from school during the War – (Woolf, 12) Doris Kilman is critical to this novel. She is an outsider, someone below the Dalloway’s class. In the mackintosh she wears almost as a uniform, she hates and resents them for the ease of their social graces, their wealth, and their class standing. She has been hired to tutor Miss Elizabeth Dalloway in history. While the Dalloways sought someone who could teach this subject â€Å"objectively,† in reality, she shows the meaning of â€Å"objectivity†: objectivity is built on objects, on the property that the rich have, and the poor do not. Miss Kilman covets what the Dalloways possess. She Clarissa Dalloway’s vanity and deceit, Miss Kilman has become convinced that she deserve their money or social position more than they do. In truth, however, she herself is vain, a reverse snob whose mackintosh smelling of sweat is her ensign, proof of her poverty, proof that she belongs to the lower orders, without the cushions and rugs. But her disaffection for that life is clear. Oddly, Miss Kilman turns to religion, ostensibly for solace and peace. although she uses the religiosity as a weapon against Clarissa Dalloway. She puffs herself up, comparing her sufferings with those of Christ, who warned of those who pray loudly in the public square that they already have their reward. She is dogmatic and self-righteous, the sacred messenger of a new faith. Ironically, Clarissa fears males, and looks most fondly for the companionship of women. Miss Kilman is a greater threat than any man in her life. However, it is more the idea that Miss Kilman represents than the woman herself. She has brought her destructive, envious force into the Dalloway house. Her target her is Elizabeth, Clarissa’s daughter. Even in this campaign, Woolf shows us the sides of Miss Kilman she would want to conceal: in the restaurant scene her wolfs her food, gulping down the sugared cakes and chocolate eclairs, a symbol of what she would like to do to the Dalloways, ready to eat their beauty, youth, money, and class. As she stuffs food into her mouth, Woolf focuses on her hands, opening and closing, like the convulsive stretching of the claws of a predatory cat. In the end, Miss Kilman finds no solace for her life, her church having turned arid on her.

Abstracts 4 Articles Decision Making

Reading 1. 3 Jackall, R. (1988) Theories of decision-making process deliver to managers many essential tools such as risk and cost/benefits analysis, etc. which in tern routinizes administration. These tools cannot be used appropriately to manage of incalculable entities. The functional rationality approach is when activities precisely planned and estimated to reach some goal. This method is unlikely to be used by top managers because another important factors are involved such as ego or personal altitude.If there is no special procedure for a particular problem, manager should focus on how to turn a situation into the right way in accordance with expectations from their boss. Some managerial people cannot make their own judgments. Instead, they are looking up and looking around for someone else’s opinion and finally they rely on it because of personal fears or inexperience. Another example of it is the mid-level decision-making paralysis in many American companies when a mana ger is trying to avoid of making a decision. In the case of inevitable decision, he or she would engage as many colleagues as possible for self-protection.Many examples of recent administrative and economic problems within American companies have showed the tendency that managers are oriented to the short-term period when making decisions. This is due to the fact that MBA programs provide tools which are focuses mostly on a short-term attitude. The second reason would be that managers are under pressure for annual, quarterly, monthly and daily results and these factors push they out of thinking about the future, even though they realise that today’s minor difficulties could be tomorrow’s big crises.Managers are also aware of blame time and when things go wrong it is necessary to be protected from consequences. This is the reason why they gravitate towards this fear being punished rather than reflecting critically. Bureaucracy disrupts working processes into parts and t he results of the work therefore disconnected with the decisions, which had been made. Manager’s productivity depends on the position within management circle or their supervisors. There is no codes or systems for tracking personal responsibilities to be established.To be successful manager means to move quickly within the levels of managerial hierarchy. It protects from going into problems too deeply at every level. Example I worked for four years as an instrument engineer in the Natural gas industry in Russia. I was involved into the decision making process associated with planning resources and finances for further projects and discussions about engineering-related difficulties. Firstly, when the question was complicated and involves financial resources, I checked the parameters of equipment many times and sent the results to my boss.When I received the confirmation from him, I printed it out and managed the necessary signatures on it. I did not want to be responsible for any inconvenience because my boss has to carry out this kind of responsibility. It was extremely important for me as a lower-level manager to have the document that proves that all things are done in time and approved by middle-level manager. In case of inconveniences such as the late commissioning phase of facilities I showed the documents that all the steps were completed by me on time. Reading 4. 2 Â  Reason, J. (1990)The general view on accident’s causes within complex technological systems includes theoretical framework which is not only provides the data on how dangerous factors could be combined themselves, but also where and how to predict these tendencies and take necessary measures beforehand. There are many elements of production, which are also involved into accident causation. Fallible high-level manager’s decisions are a major contributing factor to an increase in risk, followed by the lack of line management, which in turn causes dangerous preconditions and unsafe acts (intended and unintended).The latter are based on human’s psychological characteristics and conditions and are described as a combination of both potential hazards and errors, which could cause injury or damage. Likewise, a trajectory of an opportunity includes all these factors plus safeguards and productive events. Each of these has a window of opportunity in terms of an accident incidence. Therefore damage is highly possible when this trajectory is crossing all the windows at all the stages of production. The safe operation control consists of two features – feedback and response.The theory points out that the most successful approach to manage the safety is by taken into consideration the failure types rather than the failure tokens. According to Westrum (1988) there are three groups of auctions – denial, repair and reform. The successful organization is taken actions in responding to safely data from the reform (bottom level). The fundament al distribution error relates to a personal incompetence of employee while on the other hand the fundamental surprise error is the situation when personal observation differs to a reality.Thus, taken into consideration these terms and experience from the past major accidents such as Chernobyl, the nature of a malfunction has to be considered not only as pure technical but also as socio-technical. The people’s contribution to accidents is dominating the machine failure risk. Example I investigated many serious accidents related to the natural gas transportation process. For instance, one emergency stop of the 3. 2-megawatt gas turbine was caused by the malfunction of a frequency meter. After an analysis of reports I concluded that technical maintenance of this device was conducted improperly.A responsible worker forgot to finish one procedure related to the metrology accuracy of this piece of equipment. Another example is when other gas turbine was stopped by alarm during norm al working cycle. The reason for that was unplanned and uncoordinated upgrade of its automatic control system (ACS). From my point of view, the modern technology is very reliable and ACS is highly faultness but social factors as well as poor decision making are of the major reasons for emergency situations. For instance, social factors in Russia are included a low salary and the lack of a proper education. Reading 6. Beach (1993) A descriptive Image theory focuses on people’s individual decisions rather than group ones, and it is directly opposite to prescriptive classical theory of making decisions. There are also three decision-related images (structures), which have to be possessed by a decision maker. The value image is based on personal principles, behavior and beliefs. These are the source for generating goals. Thus, the ultimate criteria for this is when the decision maker consider the values to be relevant. Therefore potential goals and actions, if they are inconsiste nt with the relevant principles, will be refused.The second image, which is called the trajectory image, includes potential goals, which have to be set and the third one, the strategic image, focuses on actions and plans that have to be performed for achieving targets. The important parts of the third image are tactic and forecast, which would be a crucial factors for monitoring a realisation progress of a particular goal. Decision-making process consists of two types of decisions such as adoption and progress which include the implementation of the compatibility and profitability tests.The compatibility test is based on both types of decisions and compares candidates to three images, whereas in contrast the profitability test relates to the adoption decision only and uses the outcome after performing the compatibility test. For instance, the compatibility test selects few candidates, who successfully crossed through a selection criteria and the profitability test therefore chooses the best candidate from the previous sorting. Another important part of the Image theory is the process of framing decisions which is the action when the goal is identified and the plan is alled back if one exists. The data from the practical research suggests that it is unlikely that the decision maker tend to change the selection criteria without changes in principles, goals and plans. Example I was involved into the process of interviewing new workers within the Natural gas industry. I had to employ personnel with sufficient technical knowledge and skills because they have to work within hazardous areas and on potentially dangerous equipment. As a team leader I was hoping to find highly qualified workers with extensive experience for an average amount of salary.After performing several meetings and consultations with potential staff within this salary category I concluded that no one was able to pass the criteria and possess theoretical knowledge and practical achievements from p revious work experience. Because of that I decided to change the working images by changing the criteria. Therefore, I focused on workers who possess theoretical knowledge with engineering ideas in complex. Although they did not have extensive experience, they satisfied basic criteria and were able to perform tasks within their role (maintenance and repair).And after this correction of principles I recruited staff for my team successfully. Reading 7. 3Â  Janis (1971) Groupthink is a way of thinking when members behave with a high level of concurrence and tend to adopt a soft line of criticism on colleague’s ideas or even on every critical issue. This is why they make inhumane decisions easily with serious consequences such as the huge number of people’s deaths. The more cohesive the group, the more the risk that the decision will be proposed without the deep analysis of other choices.There are eight major symptoms of groupthink such as invulnerability, irrationality, ignorance of moral principles, stereotyped and unrealistic positions, group pressure against any critical views, member’s self-censorship, unanimity tendency within a group and the mind guard which is to protect the decision from any kind of the feedback. These indicators are typical for a bad decision making process which in tern may results the inhumane decision with serious consequences. Several steps could be adopted to prevent any group from group thinking.In this case criticism should be accepted not only by members but also by a leader. Wide range of alternatives should also be taken into account as possible options. In a case of vital decisions several groups with different leaders should be established to work on the same problem. Before the final decision is made each member should discuss considerations in its unit of organisation and then provide a final response to the group. An outside expert should be invited to all meetings. One decision-maker within the group should criticise a position of the majority.In the case of consensus the group should organise the final meeting for listening and discussing any doubts against the final decision. Although these actions have also drawbacks. For instance, when growing crisis requests an immediate solution there is no time for discussions and implementing many steps for decision making. Another example might be that the risk of the leakage of vital information would significantly increases when outside specialists are involved. All in all, it seems to be clear that top priority should be given in the prevention of any policymaking unit from the group thinking.Behavioral scientists should also be involved into these processes. Example During my work in Russia a groupthink was played a crucial role because of many factors. Firstly, my colleagues were really close to each other and the company’s social policy was developed for this purpose. Therefore, we spent some days playing games and sports altogether. This resulted in the number of small close-connected teams within the group. Another point is that my boss had a top role during all the process of discussion. Therefore, I had een many examples of bad decision-making. For instance, the only criticism from experienced and old colleagues was taken into account despite obvious things that were given by young professionals. Another factor is that the small teams did know how to play games within this environment and how to speculate. From my point of view, taking into consideration the long-term period, most of the final decisions were satisfactory but insufficient. It means that the projects were performed according to the rules and practices within timelines.But it can be clearly seen that due to the lack of criticism, for example, the total cost of the projects was increased. This way if the rules and steps of good decision practice were implemented, the cost and efficiency would significantly increase. Reading 8. 2Â  C allon (1987) The development of the technology has been explained by many social scientists using different available methods but they have not taken into account the point that the issue of the technology itself can also be represented as a sociological tool for an analysis. This also leads to the changes in understanding the dynamics of technology.There are two sociological views on the dynamic of consumption, which were developed by sociologists Touraine and Bourdieu. Touraine showed that French consumers’ behavior mostly dictated by large monopolies and industry, whereas in contrast Bourdieu pointed out that competition between social classes within French society taken the first place in terms of consumption of goods and services. Therefore these theories were shown by battle between engineers of two powerful French companies in the early 1970s: Electricite de France (EDF) and Renault.Despite the fact that both of them successfully proposed the concept of an electric car (VEL), the EDF’s theory failed because of unsolved technological difficulties related to the area of science and economy of the VEL, but the Renault did survive in the market because it focuses on not only the technological factors but also on rational views. This is the controversial result, because from the sociological point of view Renault’ specialists won this battle by a chance nor by implementing genius technological ideas.This experience of engineers-sociologists is possible to use as a new methodological tool for exploring large sections of society as well as researching within the value of role of social movements in the progress of consumption. There is also a helpful tool which is named the actor network. It is the case when company’s technological strategy supported by many sections of society. It describes the dynamics of society in completely different way without using sociological explanations.Firstly, in the case of implications of radical inn ovations within a technological sector engineers must mix technical and scientific analysis with sociology. Secondly, the actors network approach is efficient because it takes into account outside factors, which are related to common concepts of systems. Example I was responsible for implementing the concept of using compressed natural gas (CNG) as fuel for private cars and municipal buses instead of regular petrol. I was focused on the public transport such as buses because of the potential reduction of pollutions as well as the decrease of the total cost of fuel consumption.Moreover, it was easier to install the necessary equipment on buses because the government agreed to subsidise the cost of these modifications. Whereas in contrast I concluded that private car owners would not agree with this idea because the Siberian region in Russia is a large area and the number of CNG filing stations was limited to only 7. Thus, it was clear for me that using CNG fuel people could not trave l between major cities which is crucial factor. This approach was based on social behavior of people and their habits. Therefore, the main target for our new policy was a municipal transport within major cities.