Gibbs Cycle of Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gibbs Cycle of Reflection - Essay Example In view thereof, this paper is thus divided into the following sections: (1) description, (2) feelings, (3) evaluation, (4) analysis, (5) conclusion and (6) action plan. Description A sixty year old woman was recently operated because of a heart disease. A colleague and I received the recently operated woman into the post-operative recovery care unit. Upon seeing the woman, my colleague and I were unsure as to how she coped with the surgery and whether or not she has fared well in this regard. She looked a little pale and was not really showing distinct signs of whether she is alive or not. However, we are sure that she was still alive since this has been guaranteed by the surgeon and his team. My first instinct was to determine the vital signs of the patient as obviously, these were greatly affected because of the surgery and the anesthesia applied to the patient. In analysing the vital signs of the patient, I focused on its frequency and duration, depending on the condition of the patient who has recently undergone surgery and the normalcy thereof. When I first conducted this, we noticed that whilst the female displayed good vital signs, we were not however s ure as regards the normalcy thereof. Because of this, we had to undergo other tests so as to ensure that the operation was indeed successful. Aside from merely checking the vital signs of the patient, my colleague and I also assessed the level of consciousness of the patient. In conducting this test, we were able to determine that the patient was relatively conscious and we must only wait for a longer time before her vital signs begin to normalize. Moreover, we also focused on the following were determined: (1) the patient’s heart rate, (2) the ECG levels, (3) the respiratory rate of the patient, (4) oxygen saturation, (5) non-invasive blood pressure and (6) the skin temperature. In conducting these tests, we were able to determine that there is nothing wrong with the patient and she is merely recovering from her surgery. We also followed a simple procedure by which we can determine the improvement of the vital signs on the patients. In fact, this procedure entails that the v ital signs be recorded every thirty minutes for at least two hours and hourly thereafter. This was continued on until the woman was awake and has begun eating and drinking. We also monitored the temperature of the patient. Remarkable improvement was seen from the patient during the first two hours. Her vital signs continue to rise significantly every thirty minutes. After the second hour, we monitored her hourly and it was shown that her vital signs continue to rise towards normalcy. Six hours after her operation, the woman woke up. However, she was not ready to start eating and drinking anything. It was only two hours after she woke up that she expressed thirst and was given a drink. She also started eating after consuming her first drink. Considering the gravity of the operations performed on the patient, my colleague and I also performed other tests. These tests also focused on the fluid loss experienced by the patient. Generally, we were not able to actually determine something abnormal as regards her fluid loss. In fact, our observation showed that she was not really losing too much liquid than what is considered as average. Moreover, we also looked into whether there is actually excessive bleeding but there was no sign in relation to this. Aside from the physical condition of the patient, my colleague and I also focused on her physiological and psychological conditions. Basically, upon close examination of the patient, we did not find anything wrong as regards her physiological

Density of Fluids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Density of Fluids - Essay Example The solution preferred for this process was an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt of metatungstate. The solution should have a concentration of 1 to 80. The oxidant used is preferably selected from any of the following dichromate, chromate, nitrate, permanganate, peracid and perester group (Allies & Pagenkopf, 1998). These should have a preferred concentration of 0.05 to 0.5 weight %. The preferred alkaline salts are salts of lithium or sodium namely sodium dihydrogendodecawolframate or lithium dihydrogendodecawolframate .However, sodium dihydrogendodecawolframate is preferentially used. According to the invention bringing the solid mixture into contact with the separating liquid is advantageous. These liquid should be of differing density in gradations of 0.005 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.1 g/cm.sup.3, preferably 0.05 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.01 g/cm.sup.3 (Jody, Daniels & Pomykala , 2003).Within a selected region of the density range the the sinking solid component is removed after each stage. Besides this solution, other solution that have been used in separation of mixtures include ethanol or solutions containing ethanol, Ca(NO  3)  2, CaCl  2  ZnCl  2.or NaCl. All thse method rely on the relative buoyancy of the separating

Macbeth Concept Of Imagination Philosophy Essay

Macbeth Concept Of Imagination Philosophy Essay Macbeth is the best example of Shakespeares use of imagination. Macbeth becomes very obsessed with an idea of becoming king and his imagination leads him to do horrible things. The purpose of this paper is to show how powerful Macbeths imagination was and how it served him. To successfully examine the concept of imagination in Macbeth it was necessary to read Macbeth itself, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human by Harold Bloom and O Sekspirovim tragedijama by Shahab Yar Khan. Also, diverse critics gave their input on this theme which was helpful in finalizing this research. ( Ian Johnston 1999, Henry Neill Paul 1938) Results show that Macbeth has freely chosen to embrace evil in his imagination. He has not resisted the impulse to imagine himself as a king. It is quite clear that Macbeths ambition and commitment to his evil desires led him to brutally kill all those who he sees as a threat. Introduction Shakespeare has for the centuries thrilled most of the readers and spectators around the world. His works have been studied in many countries, thus making him hailed as the worlds greatest writer ever. Someone once said that the man, who has no imagination, has no wings. We are all aware of that. The imagination runs the show. We cant accept the modern literature without it. Shakespeare used it very often and with so much excellence that he brought it to the perfection. Macbeth is the best example of Shakespeares use of imagination Harold Bloom says that Macbeth himself can be called the unluckiest of all Shakespearean protagonists because he is the most imaginative. His power of fantasy is so enormous that pragmatically it seems to be Shakespeares own. (Bloom, 1998, p.516) The universal reaction to Macbeth is that we identify with him, or at least with his imagination. Shakespeare describes various types of symbolism and imagery that leads to the downfall of the main protagonist, Macbeth. The showings of darkness represent its evil and tragic moments. Blood symbolizes murder and guilt. The symbol of clothing is particularly used to suggest the hiding of the real faces and true itself and it is also widely used in order to achieve the general theme of evil. There are also Biblical references, witchcrafts, ghosts and many other imagery tools which made the story even more phantasmagoric. Concept of Imagination When we speak of imagination the first thing that comes up to our mind is something unnatural; something beyond our concept of reality. Imagination is a long lasting phenomenon. It has roots in mythology. Many people had spoken about it and gave their definitions. They can all be put in one: it is the formation of a mental image of something that is neither perceived as real nor present to the senses. The witchcraft in Macbeth, though pervasive, cannot alter material events, yet hallucination can and does. The rough magic in Macbeth is wholly Shakespeares; he indulges his own imagination as never before, seeking to find its moral limits (if any). I do suggest that Macbeth represents Shakespeare, in any of the complex ways that Falstaff and Hamlet may represent certain inner aspects of the playwright. But in the Renaissance sense of imagination (which is not ours), Macbeth may well be the emblem of that faculty of Shakespeare, a faculty that must have frightened Shakespeare and ought to terrify us, when we read or attend Macbeth, for the play depends upon its horror and its own imaginings. Imagination 9 or fancy) is an equivocal matter for Shakespeare and his era, where it meant both poetic furor, as a kind of substitute for divine inspiration, and a gap torn in reality, almost a punishment for the displacement of the sacred into the secular. All of us posses, to one degree or anot her, a proleptic imagination; in Macbeth, it is absolute. Macbeth terrifies us partly because that aspect of our own imagination is so frightening; it seems to make us murderers, thieves, usurpers and rapists. (Bloom, 1998, p.516) In the Act I Macbeth is already introduced with extraordinary nature of his imagination: This supernatural soliciting Cannot be ill; cannot be good: If ill, why hath it given me earnest of success, Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor: If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair, And make my seated heart knock at my ribs, Against the use of nature? Present fears Are less than horrible imaginings. My thought, whose murther yet is but fantastical, Shakes so my single state of man That function is smotherd in surmise, And nothing is, but what is not. According to Harold Bloom, my single state of man plays upon several meanings of single: unitary, isolated, vulnerable. The phantasmagoria of murdering Duncan is so vivid that nothing is, but what is not, and function, the mind, is smoothered by surmise, fantasy. Macbeth speaks to himself in a kind of trance, halfway between trauma and second sight. An involuntary visionary of horror, he sees what certainly is going to happen, while still knowing this murder to be but fantastical. His tribute to his own horrible imaginings is absolute: the implication is that his will is irrelevant. (Bloom, 1998, p.536) The Witches The witches interactions with Macbeth play a vital role in his thinking about his own life, before and after the murder of Duncan. Macbeth and Banquo recognize them as something supernatural, part of landscape, but not fully human. They have malicious intentions and prophetic powers. They do nothing other than talk and offer visions. They are not involved in any action, yet they are important symbols in the play. They are essential manifestations of the moral atmosphere of Macbeths world, just like the ghost in Hamlet. Macbeth so foresees an event that it seems to have happened already before it actually takes place. He is not aware of his ambition before he sees himself having performed the bloody crimes that fulfill his ambition. The witches exist to delusion people, to challenge their faith in themselves and the society. Professor Khan thinks that Macbeths evil-inner of himself attracts the witches: One namjerno Ä ekaju Macbetha i Banqua kao Ã…Â ¡to zlo Ä eka ljude. MeÄ‘utim, one Ä ovjeku ne predlaÃ…Â ¾u zlo: one radije spomenu object koji bi mogoao pokrenuti Ä ovjekovo vlastito naginjanje zlu, a u ovom sluÄ aju one to rade preko proroÄ anstva. Dobar Ä ovjek kao Ã…Â ¡to je Banquo, moÃ…Â ¾e se oduprijeti njihovom pozivu, jer on u sebi ima milost BoÃ…Â ¾ju, kao i trag prvog grijeha. (Khan, 2008, p.35) Unlike Macbeth, Banquo doesnt let his desires outweigh his moral caution. His response to the witches is different: But tis strange, And oftentimes to win us to our harm The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles to betrays In deepest consequences Macbeth cannot act on his awareness because his desires, kept alive by his imagination, are constantly mixed with his moral sensibilities. A part of Macbeth is fascinated with the possibility of being king. Its not entirely clear where this desire comes from. The witches put the suggestion into the play, but there is a strong hint from his wife that two of them have already talked about well before the play begins: What beast was t, then, That made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man; And to be more than what you were, you would Be so much more the man In that case, the appearance of the witches may be a response to Macbeths desires. He has not exactly invited them, but they are responding to his innermost imaginative desires. They dont tell him what to do; they dont say anything about killing Duncan. The witches cannot be responsible for Macbeths actions. His actions are not controlled by the witches. He is always free to choose how he is going to act. Hence, we can say that these witches are there to constantly remind us of the potential for evil in the human imagination. Blood Blood is everywhere in Macbeth, beginning with the opening battle between the Scots and the Norwegian invaders, which is described in harrowing terms by the wounded captain in Act 1, scene 2. Bloom in his Invention of human argues that of all Shakespeares plays, Macbeth is most a tragedy o blood, not just in its murders but in the ultimate implications of Macbeths imagination itself being bloody. Macbeths phantasmagoria of blood is constantly there: blood is the prime constituent of his imagination. (Bloom, 1998, p.520) Once Macbeth and Lady Macbeth embark upon their murderous journey, blood comes to symbolize their guilt, and they begin to feel that their crimes have stained them in a way that cannot be washed clean. Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? Macbeth cries after he has killed Duncan, even as his wife scolds him and says that a little water will do the job. Later, though, she comes to share his horrified sense of being stained: Out, damned spot; out, I say . . . who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him? she asks as she wanders through the halls of their castle near the close of the play. Blood symbolizes the guilt that sits like a permanent stain on the consciences of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, one that hounds them to their graves. (http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/macbeth/themes.html) Professor Khan discusses the sight of blood and its color in his book: Ono Ã…Â ¡to viÃ…Â ¡e upada u oÄ i od boja svjetla i vatre, jeste boja krvi. I zaista, prizor krvi nam se konstantno natura, ne samo pukim sluÄ ajem, nego punim opisom i Ä ak ponavljanjem rijeÄ i u neoÄ ekivanim dijelovima dijaloga. (Khan, 2008, p.25) Dagger scene After discussing the crime he is about to commit with Lady Macbeth, Macbeth decided to go through with the terrible feat. He is sitting alone, waiting for some signal which would approve his evil act. The focus of this soliloquy, the invisible dagger, is one of first evidences of Macbeths powerful imagination; an imagination, which would later be the main reason for his lunacy, and in the very end, his downfall: Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressà ¨d brain? I see thee yet, in form as palpable As this which now I draw. Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, And such an instrument I was to use. Mine eyes are made the fools o th other senses, Or else worth all the rest. I see thee still, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. Theres no such thing. It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes When he goes out to commit the murder, he is hallucinating the sight of a dagger leading him toward the deed, and he is filled with a sense of horror at what he is about to do. He is, it seems, in the grip of his imagination and is not serving some conscious rational decision he has made. But, in the very act of letting his imagination lead him on, he is aware that what he is doing is wrong. Its as if the dagger is pulling him toward the murder (against his will)hes following an imagined projection of his desires, rather than being pushed into the murder by some inner passion. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) Its important to stress the imaginative tensions in Macbeths character before the murder and to appreciate his divided nature. Thats why summing up his motivation with some quick judgment about his ambition is something one should resist. That resolves the issue too easily. Macbeth, in a sense, is tricked into murdering Duncan, but he tricks himself. That makes the launching of his evil career something much more complex than a single powerful urge which produces a clear decision. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) After all, one needs to notice clearly how he is filled with instant regret at what he has done. If driving ambition were all there was to it, one would think that Macbeth and his wife would not become morally confused so quickly. Macbeths entrance after the killing brings out really strongly a sense that if he could go back to the speech about the imaginary dagger, he would not carry out the murder. Lady Macbeth thinks a little water will solve their immediate problem; Macbeth knows that that is too easy. He cannot live with what he is done and remain the same person. (http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/eng366/lectures/macbeth.htm) Macbeth and Banquos ghost Encounter Another instance in which Macbeths imagination comes into play again is when he sees Banquos ghost and he begins talking to him: Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee. Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold. Thou hast no speculation in those eyes Which thou dost glare with! Macbeth and only Macbeth can see Banquos ghost. Many critics say that Banquos ghost is not real but a delusion of his evil sub-conscious and the fear and guilt that have completely overwhelmed and paralyzed him. So Shakespeare uses the appearance of Banquos ghost as a means of revealing to his readers the mental turmoil of Macbeth. We know how Macbeths reacted to Duncans murder, when he said he will never sleep again, that he is capable of guilt. The ghost is a manifestation of that, just as the dagger was a manifestation of his ambition. Conclusion Macbeths ambition is driven by a number of factors including prophecy and Lady Macbeth. The witches foretell that Macbeth will become King. Macbeth believes them and the various prophecies come true during the play. Witches appear three times, but as a fruit of Macbeths imagination. Lady Macbeth is the driving force that encourages Macbeth to overcome his strong sense of guilt and take action. Macbeths ambition soon gets out of control and forces him to murder again and again to cover up his previous crime. The last prophecy Macbeth hears from the witches is: Macbeth shall never vanquish be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane hill For none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. The supernatural force speaks the truth, but by obliquity and by double meaning. They have blinded Macbeth by extending his pride. The Shakespeares use of the apparition to represent the powerful evil spirits is effective to demonstrate the power of image over word. It is through the strengths of his imagination that Shakespeares characters have withstood time. They are played on every stage in the world. In the end, Shakespeares ingenious usage of themes and symbolism creates, as A. P. Rossiter calls, a play about the disintegration of the state of man, and the state he makes his. Without the witches, the ghost, the visions, and the apparitions, Macbeth would have been a dull and tiresome play.

socio-economic development and health Essay -- essays research papers

Question One There are a number of ways in which the increasing socio-economic development of a nation can help improve the health of the population. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is a correlation between mortality rates in the developing countries, especially amongst children, and the level of education of the parents of the children. For example, in Morocco, a mother who has completed 4-6 years of schooling, their child is 45% less likely to have died by the age of 2, compared with child’s mother who has had no school (Book 3, Page 54). Education improves the overall knowledge of looking after oneself and others, but also enables people to gain higher income levels, and thus, acquire purchasing power to buy the goods (if available), which will help them improve their quality of life. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Food provisions are a necessity to maintaining a healthy population. There are many facets to food, mainly the distribution and supply of food, and the quality and nutritional ingredients of food. Food needs to be of good, sustainable quality so that it provides people with the basic supply of vitamins and minerals to live, and has to be easily accessible so that everyone in the nation can benefit. Developed countries have pioneered the way of preserving food for longer (i.e. use of plastics), and developing countries have benefited from this, but the developed world has also introduced new fear factors regarding food such as contamination (BSE, Salmonella etc) and additives, and, the long term effects of such advancements is beginning to materialise (Book 3, Page 306-307). Developing nations need to maintain a balance of growth, by producing enough food for the nations own consumption, but also growing food for exportation, which will improve their GNP and thei r overall growth as a nation. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reducing the gap between the social classes will provide a better overall health and wealth of a nation. Those living in the lower social classes have a lower life expectancy than those in higher social classes (Book 3, Page 216). There are many tools and precautions that may be used to bridge the gap. Occupations within the social classes tend to be more manual and risk-based occupations such as mining or engineering. In recent times, Acts of Law have been passed by Governments to protect employees, and as such... ... in further research. The developed world cannot be complacent in its attitude towards communicable diseases. As more and more people are able and free to roam from country to country, so it becomes harder to ensure that adequate strategies can be enforced and that the appropriate vaccines have been administered. Therefore, there still has to be concerted efforts from the developed and the developing world that a multi-disciplinary strategy can be adopted and enforced, and only by such mechanisms can the long-term goal of eradicating communicable diseases be achieved. References Szreter,S (1998) ‘The importance of social intervention in Britain’s mortality decline c. 1850-1914: a re-interpretation of the role of public health.’ in Davey, B, Gray, A and Seale, C (eds) Health and Disease: A Reader, Open University Press, Buckingham. U205 Health and Disease Book 3 (2001) World Health and Disease, Gray,A, Open University Press, Buckingham. U205 Health and Disease Book 1 (2001) Medical Knowledge: Doubt and Certainty, Seale, C. Pattison, S. and Davey, B. (eds), Open University Press, Buckingham. VC 1265, Video 1, ‘South Africa: Health at the crossroads’ Open University.

Industrial Pollution

Chapter 1: I.1 Introduction: Bangladesh is an upcoming middle earning country. It has a large number of population. The working environment is good and the labor cost is less so there is an opportunity to establish industry in this country. There are many sector of industry in Bangladesh. The people of our country are very hard working.By the late 1990s, about 1.5 million people, mostly women, were employed in the garments sector as During 2001-2002, export earnings from ready-made garments reached $3,125 million, representing 52 well as Leather products specially Footwear (Shoe manufacturing unit). % of Bangladesh's total exports. Bangladesh has overtaken India in apparel exports in 2009, its exports stood at 2.66 billion US dollar, ahead of India's 2.27 billion US dollar. Other industries which have shown very strong growth include the chemical industry, steel industry, mining industry and the paper and pulp industry.Now a day’s Bangladesh is want to achieve middle class cou ntry position. So the country is going to be an industrial country. And the industry who is responsible for the pollution. Most of the industries are not follow the rules of the law.I.2 Origin of the report: To know the current situation of the industrial pollution. To know what are the reason behind this. Why the industry through their waste in to the open field? To understand the problem of the pollution.I.3 Objective of the report: To know the current situation of pollution problem. To understand the thinking of the people. To solve the problem. To work with the problem.1.4 Methodology: Primary data: field survey, Questionnaire. Secondary data: Web site, News paper.1.5 Scope of this report: In this report we want to show the over view of the total pollution of the industry in Bangladesh. There are many industries in Bangladesh. But we will cover some of the industries in Bangladesh such as: Textile industry, Chemical industry, Pharmaceutical industry, Builders industry, Tannery i ndustry,Food industry, Steel industry, Shipping industry, Electronics industry, Fabrics Industry, Plastic Industry, Paper & jut Industry, Refinnering ( Oil, Gas) Industry, Beverages Industry, Recycling Industry, Others.1.6 Limitation of the report: Limitation means something that limits a quality or achievement of any analysis. All research designs can be discussed in terms of their relative strengths and limitations. The merits of a particular design are inherently related to the rationale for selecting it as the most appropriate plan for addressing the research problem. One strength of an Selecting and starting to prepare this report it is not an easy process to complete this. To complete this report we face many problems. Those are as followsi. Information Collection1) Limited source of information 2) Limited information about the industry pollution in web sites on Bangladesh perspective. 3) Peoples are not aware about the problems by industrial pollution. 4) Business persons try to skip the questions answers.ii. Overall limitation of this report1) Limited time to prepare this report. 2) Limited information source. 3) Limited ways to analysis the quality control with founded information. 4) Limited direction from course instructor to prepare this report.Chapter 22.1 Bangladeshi Industries: A short list of Bangladeshi Industry: Name of industry Name of industry Name of industry Textile Industry Tannery Industry Paper & Jute Industry Chemical Industry Food Industry Refinnering Industry Pharmaceutical Industry Steel Industry Beverage Industry Cigarette Industry Shipping Industry Recycling Industry Builders Industry Electronics Industry Fertilizer Industry Febrics Industry Plastic Industry Other Industry2.2 Pollution in Bangladesh: Water pollution:The water pollution situation from Bangladesh could be the largest poisoning in history and the irony is that this situation could be the result of all the efforts in cleaning the water for some of the poorest nations of the world. A British study, shows that about 80 million people from Bangladesh, South Asia, are exposed to a high level of toxicity from the water contaminated with arsenic. An international team of researchers from Chicago, New York and Bangladesh has been monitoring, in the last decade, the water intake of arsenic contaminated wells and the impact of 12,000  people.The conclusions showed that the death of five people was directly linked to the elevated levels of arsenic in the bodies of the victims of the Bangladesh water. The result is not just a novelty, it is a problem known for some years now and, over time, and residents were advised to dig deeper wells to avoid the potentially contaminated surface water consumption. Now, even the deep waters appear to be problematic.The Bangladeshi people suffer most in pure drinking water by arsenic. But the people of Bangladesh also suffer by the industry pollution. The river water is not safe for the people. The industry is not use waste management system. So in future if the industry is not following the rules the waste management, the water will not look like water.Air Pollution:Air pollution contamination of the atmosphere caused by the discharge, accidental or deliberates of a wide range of toxic substances. Often the amount of the released substance is relatively high in a certain locality, so the harmful effects are more noticeable. The major sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial processes and the burning of solid waste. A new source of air pollution is an increasing ‘hole' in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica, coupled with growing evidence of global ozone depletion.Air pollution has also long been known to have an adverse effect on human beings, plants, livestock and aquatic ecosystem through acid rain. Recently as in other parts of the world air pollution has received priority among environmental issues in Asia. This problem is acute in dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and also the hub of commercial activity. The other urban areas like Chittagong, Khulna and BOGRA have much lesser health problem related to air pollution. In urban areas sometimes the houses are built on rocks and soils, which radiate radioactive gas from their basement.If this gas is inhaled for a long time it may cause lung cancer. In the rural areas of Bangladesh, the air pollution problems have not yet become a point of concern. This is due to fewer motorized vehicles and industries there. Thus, it is likely that in those areas the principal air contaminants are particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Basically, there are two major sources of air pollution in Bangladesh industrial emissions and vehicular emissions.The industrial sources include brick kilns, fertiliser factories, sugar, paper, jute and textile mills, spinning mills, tanneries, garment, bread and biscuit factories, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, cement production and processing factories, metal workshops, and wooden dust from saw mills and dusts from ploughed land, and salt particles from ocean waves near the offshore islands and coastal lands. Noise Pollution: Man-made noise harmful to health or welfare. Transportation vehicles are the worst offenders, with aircraft, railroad stock, trucks, buses, automobiles, and motorcycles all producing excessive noise.Noise intensity is measured in decibel (dB) units. Subject to 45 dB of noise, the average person cannot sleep. At 120 dB the ear registers pain; hearing damage begins at a much lower level, about 85 dB. In Bangladesh noise pollution (also termed as sound pollution) is a major health hazard. In fact, due to noise pollution millions of people in Bangladesh are exposed to a number of health risks – from deafness to heart attack. On city streets noise pollution can be caused by hydraulic horns of vehicles, microphones and cassette players.The hydraulic horns used by b uses, trucks and scooters in the crowded city streets are dangerous for human being. This is also how noise pollution in Dhaka City is affecting the hearing power of thousands of children every day. The horns especially cause serious damage to children. Experts say, if a child below three years of age hears a horn emitting 100 dB of noise from a close range, he or she might lose his or her hearing power. A child's health may also be adversely affected by loud sounds from the radio, television, cassette players and microphones, the sound of mills and factories and loud noise.The unit of sound frequency is hertz. Human beings usually hear 15 to 20 kilohertz (KHz) frequency sound. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), generally 60 dB sound can make a man deaf temporarily and 100 dB sound can cause complete deafness. But the noise of any busy street in Dhaka has been estimated at 60 to 80 dB, with the sound of vehicles being 95 dB, loud speakers 90 to 100 dB, mills and facto ries 80 to 90 dB, restaurants and cinema halls 75 to 90 dB, festivals 85 to 90 dB, scooter or motorbike 87 to 92 dB and trucks and buses 92 to 94 dB.But the desired sound measure is 25 dB in the bedroom, 40 dB in the dining or drawing room, 35-40 dB in the office, 30-40 dB in the class room, 35-40 dB in the library, 20-35 dB in hospital, 40-60 dB in a restaurant and 45 dB in the city at night. When the sound exceeds this limit, there is noise pollution. Noise pollution beyond the limit destroys hearing and might even lead to the losing of one's mental balance. Noise pollution also causes peevish temperament, affects lungs, hampers the intellect of the children and makes them apathetic towards their studies. 2. 3 Industries wise pollution:2. 3. 1 Textile Industry pollution: The textile industry in Bangladesh through their waste in to free area. They through their waste in to river and pond. So the water of the river is polluted. The river contains many kind of fish and other kind of animals. If the animals are go to the polluted water they will die or they have the chemical re-action in their body. And then the people eat that fish or the animals that are also suffer with chemical re-action. The textile industry also relies carbon die oxide gas which is cause for green house effect, and the global warming.It also cause for many human health problem. Some people also suffer skin problem. Textile industry makes very noise. Many people can’t suffer the noise so some time they sense less. Because the textile industry makes very much noise so we should make textile industry in nonresidential area. 2. 3. 2 Chemical industry pollution: We all know about the chemical re-action of the chemical. Many people die every year because of the poison of the drinking water. The chemical industry is also destroying our crops land, river and kills other animals. Many Bangladeshi industries don’t use waste management.They through their chemical in to the river or open area. The chemical industry polluted our water and air. Causes of chemical pollution the people suffer skin problem and other harmful Degases. 2. 3. 3 Pharmaceutical Industry pollution: The pharmaceutical industry use different types of chemical and plastic pack to keep the medicine safe. But after using the medicine there are no recycle of the plastic pack, so it make pollution. In other hand some of the company don’t follow the waste management program. They through their waste in to the sea and river.So the water is polluted by the pharmaceutical industry. 2. 3. 4 Cigarette Industry: the cigarette industry is polluted the environment very much. They produce cigarette and biri which is polluted our environment air. The people also suffer the bad effect of the smoking. The tobacco plants destroy the fertility of the land so the crop land became dry. If there are any land who grows tobacco they can’t grow any other crop. The processing of cigarette is also harmful for the environment. It pollutes air. 2. 3. 5 Builders Industry: The Bangladeshi builders industry doesn’t follow the building core.They make building of their own wish, so it is very difficult to the maintain the pollution. Because they sometime build building on the pond or near the river so in rainy season the water can’t pass to the river and it polluted our roads and houses. 2. 3. 6 Tannery Industry: The tannery industry use deadly chemical to prepare lather. Most of the tannery industry situated in highly populated area so when they through their waste in the water the water will be polluted. The bad effect of the pollution effect the human health it may cause the cancer of skin.Many labor suffer cancer because of the chemical re-action by the chemical. 2. 3. 7 Food industry: One of the largest industries in Bangladesh is food industry because of the huge rate of the population. The industry is very big. Every day the industry produce many type of the food to fulfil l the needs of the food. They use chemical fertilizer to grow mare food because of large needs. The food industry pollute our soil and water. They use high rate of chemical fertilizer so the water of river has been polluted and the water insect and the insect that help the crops die because of chemical fertilizer.Some food industry through there waste of food in to open area and water so the water is polluting. 2. 3. 8 Fertilizer Industry: There are many fertilizer industries in Bangladesh. They produce fertilizer for our farmer to grow more crops. But the process of the fertilizer is not environmental free. To produce fertilizer they need methane gas. So the air pollution is happening. They need water to cool their machine. So the water is polluting. To make chemical fertilizer they need 2. 4 An overview of tannery industry’s pollution: 2. 4. 1 Present situation of tannery industries pollution:Now days the tannery industry is playing the most important part for our economy. The products of our tannery are maintaining world class quality. So the buyers of the tannery product are more. There is a good will of Bangladesh tannery industry in the world. The tanneries are a major money-maker for Bangladesh. From June 2011 to July 2012, Bangladesh’s tanneries exported close to $663 million in leather and leather goods—like shoes and handbags—to some 70 countries worldwide, including Italy, Germany, Spain, China, and the United States. Tannery worker have been suffering from severe skin diseases, allergy and chest pain.Most of the cases, medicines do not work on them anymore. They process animal hides with toxic chemicals. Before tanning they work with chemical-mixed water, liming and de-liming, scrapping off meat and fat. They do it with bare hands chromium, sulfur, manganese, copper compound, lead and others are used to tan which are very toxic for their health. Chemical mixtures, acids and dyes used in the tanneries are very toxic for h uman health. From different sources about 20,000 tannery workers are forced to work for tanning in this hazardous situation though they are paid a little.About 90 percent tanneries of the country located at Hazaribagh of the Dhaka city. Covered by high walls which have not proper ventilation system, the air inside the factories is with fumes, heat. Very bad scent is available inside the factories. Few large factories are providing some facilities while smaller s’ are in very bad and poisonous situation. Very bad smells are also got from nearby the Hazaribagh like Rayerbazar, Jhigatola and parts of Dhanmondi. Nobody wants to go to Hazaribagh due bad effect of tanneries. Even the tanneries owner doesn’t live in those areas.Reused chemicals from the larger factories are being used by the small factories which are more dangerous and vulnerable for the workers as well as for the environment. About 40 heavy metals and acids are used for processing raw hides. Among them the m ost dangerous chemical substances are , manganese, chromium, sulfur, lead, and copper Wet blue leathers are made using these chemicals Most of the workers are directly use these chemicals each and every day because of being done the process manually. They don’t like to use hand gloves or any other safety items.About 30 export-oriented factories use these safety equipments for their workers and others don’t pay attention. It is very important to use masks, safety goggles, special suits, gloves and special shoes to save themselves from the hazardous effect of toxic chemicals. Most of the time the workers work with bear feet when thy clean dirt, bloods and chemicals which causes various diseases. Jaundice, nausea and headache are another common sickness among them. These toxic chemicals cause boils, inflammation in hands and legs, skin diseases allergy, and other infection.If it continues around more than 15 years these can even cause cancer. During working these chemical s evaporate to the air which damages lungs and causes respiratory illness such as asthma and bronchitis through inhalation of the people of Hazaribagh area. This toxic substances damages eyes and the entire nerve system . Finishing leather is processed after tanning. . These toxic chemicals cause boils, inflammation in hands and legs, skin diseases allergy, and other infection. If it continues around more than 15 years these can even cause cancer.During working these chemicals evaporate to the air which damages lungs and causes respiratory illness such as asthma and bronchitis through inhalation of the people of Hazaribagh area. This toxic substances damages eyes and the entire nerve system . Finishing leather is processed after tanning. . For probably the first time, Bangladesh’s government has leveled pollution-related fines against two leather tanneries in Hazaribagh, a Dhaka neighborhood so polluted with waste from its roughly 150 tanneries that residents and workers are plagued by serious health problems.This announcement came four months after Human Rights Watch released a report revealing the extent of workers’ and residents’ broken-down health, ranging from painful skin diseases to respiratory illnesses. Shortly before our report launch, a senior official in Bangladesh’s Environment Department told Human Rights Watch, â€Å"There is no monitoring and no enforcement in Hazaribagh. † The two tanneries were fined for not having effluent treatment plants, which would treat their chemical-laced wastewater.Each day, the area’s tanneries discharge some 21,000 cubic meters of untreated waste containing chromium, lead, and other chemicals and heavy metals into the nearby Buriganga River. The air reeks of chemicals, which have harmed the area’s water and soil and the health of people living nearby. Hazaribagh is home to between 90 and 95 percent of all Bangladesh’s tanneries, and they employ between 8,000 a nd 12,000 people. â€Å"Living beside the tanneries is difficult, all the dirty water comes here, the fumes are very bad,† said Goyenda, who is in her late teens and has lived in Hazaribagh for just over a year. â€Å"I have problems with my eyes.They water a lot and become red. The tannery gas causes this. † As follow-up to the Toxic Tanneries report, Human Rights Watch has pressed the international leather industry to identify and mitigate the human rights risks from the tanneries in Hazaribagh. Two weeks ago, Human Rights Watch called on buyers at a flagship international leather fair in Bologna to buy leather goods only from Bangladesh tanneries that respect environmental standards and comply with laws that protect the right to health and labor rights. 3. 1 Reason behind the pollution: 3. 1. 1 Corruption: Bangladesh is a corrupted country everything is possible in Bangladesh.The tannery industry is polluting the environment much. The pollution of tannery is harmful for all the human and animal. But it is a matter of sorrow that the government environment sector is silent. Because they deal with the company owner. And the government employee pays by the owner. So the environment pollution can’t be stopped. 3. 1. 2 Don’t obey the industry’s rules: Most of the tannery doesn’t show respect to the constitution rules. In Bangladesh there are no lacks of rules but in matter of worry that the industry doesn’t want to follow the rules, because of the over greedy of the of the industry owner.3. 1. 3 Lack of nation’s lover: the greedy owner and the greedy government people Politician are not love their nation. So just thought to maximize their wealth. 3. 1. 4 Lack of monitoring: The monitoring unit are not strong to control the pollution. 3. 2 effect of the pollution: Waste contains pollutants which are discarded materials, process materials or chemicals. Pollution could be caused by all sectors of a society gen erate waste: industry, agriculture, mining, energy, and these pollutants when they are released beyond the assimilation capacity of the environment.Industrial wastes are generated from different processes and the amount and toxicity of waste released varies with its own specific industrial processes. Tannery effluents are ranked as the highest pollutants among all industrial wastes. They are especially large contributors of chromium pollution . Chromium is highly toxic and carcinogenic to human beings, animals, plants and the general environment (soil and water sediment). Chrome is the primary threat when ever tanning industry comes in to practice.Though many treatment options were evaluated to prevent its consequence on the environment, neither of them could achieve to treat or recover chrome 100 %. Treatment options are either; inefficient, complicated, energy demanding, costly or applicable to a certain parts of the world due to technology or skilled man power demand. The river n ear by the tanneries can be said highly polluted rivers since they are serving as recipient of effluent from the factories. The effect of this scenario is expressed by different indicators. The Akaki -Kaliti and the tributaries of Awash River are best examples of polluted water body.The residents around the river and /or the tannery reported the death of their cattle, dried up of green plants, water born diseases and bad smell resulted due to the death of micro organisms that in turn caused by depletion of dissolved oxygen. Even though the incidences are merely the result of discharges from tanneries but it is impossible to deny the fact that the discharge from tanneries has its own contribution. (Dagnew and Daniel,2011) Global worming Destroy our safe water resource Destroy your crop land Destroying your human health Cause of chemical re-action

Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem. Massachusetts. on July 4. 1804. His parents were Nathaniel Hawthorne. and Elizabeth Clark Manning. His male parent dies of xanthous febrility when he was four old ages old. He so grew up in the manning family with his grandparents. uncles. and aunts. Nathaniel Hawthorne was fond of taking long walks by himself and reading overly. He studied Shakespeare. Pope. Milton. and Thompson. He went on escapades while he took these long walks and he wrote about his escapades. this is how his authorship accomplishments developed. When Nathaniel Hawthorne turned 15 he moved to Maine with his uncle and subsequently attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick. While in college he did ill in most categories accept his literary categories. in which he excelled. He graduated 3 old ages subsequently. While in college He became friends with Henry W. Longfellow. Franklin Pierce. and Henry D. Thoreau. After college he returned to Salem. Massachusetts and resided in the man ning family. He so withdrew from society. H followed the same agenda everyday. He studied in the forenoon. took long walks in the afternoon. and so wrote in the eventide. In 1828 he published his first book anonymously. Fanshawe. He subsequently so destruct all transcripts and was non proud of it. His first publication that was a success was â€Å"The Token† . and â€Å"Peter Parley† . In 1830 he served as an editor for a figure of publications. He besides began to compose children’s books. He so took a occupation in a usage house. In 1840 he left his occupation knowing that he would shortly be fired due to the result of the election traveling on during that clip. He married Sophia Amelia Peabody. In 1844 he had his first girl. He so returned to Salem due to fiscal force per unit areas. â€Å"Him losing his occupation turned out to be a approval as he had the clip to compose some of his best works† . Such as The Scarlet Letter. The House of Seven Gables. and The Birthdale Romance. In 1860. he published The Marble Faun. our old place. and subsequently went on a circuit with Franklin Pierce because Pierce was running for president. Nathaniel Hawthorne lived in an of import clip period. In 1820-1830. Nathaniel Hawthorne was about 16-26 old ages old. During that clip the Erie canal made new York the imperium province. besides during that clip period Andrew Jackson’s inaugural party wrecked the white house. In 1830-1840 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was about 26-36 old ages old. During that clip Andrew Jackson beat up the adult male who tried to kill him. besides during that clip Charles Darwin visits the Galapagos Island. and the thought of natural choice and endurance of the fittest is introduced to the universe. During 1840-1850. Nathaniel Hawthorne was 36-46 old ages old. The gold febrility struck California and people were avaricious and ambitious. Besides during that clip in 1852 Franklin Pierce was elected president. Nathaniel Hawthorne helped Pierce with the runs for the election. During 1850-1870 Nathaniel Hawthorne was 46 and he died and in 1864 he died. During that clip compromises over slavery delayed the civil war. and so subsequently the United States was torn over the civil war. Nathaniel Hawthorne accomplished a battalion of things during his life-time and at a immature age every bit good. but in his early old ages when he was four his male parent died. Nathaniel Hawthorne was the lone male child but had two other sisters. His early old ages were spent in Salem. Massachusetts. When he graduated from Bowdoin college he went on summer Tourss through the nor'-east. He in 1839 he took a occupation in a usage house in Boston. and served as an editor for a figure of publications. He besides started out his composing calling. composing children’s books. However in 1840. he resigned cognizing he would be fired. In 1842 he married Sophia Amelia Peabody. and in 1844 his first girl was born. A few old ages subsequently. fiscal force per unit areas forced him to return to Salem with his household. He so became a surveyor of the port of Salem. In the early 1850’s he lived in ruddy house in Lennox and made a friendly relationship with Novelist. Herman Melville. In 1853-1858 Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote a run life for Franklin Pierce. he was subsequently rewarded with united provinces consulship at Liverpool. Since the civil war was traveling on during that clip he wrote articled about the civil war and his last old ages he joined an experimental creek farm community filled with transcendentalist. He so went to Europe and spent seven old ages at that place before he died of a encephalon tumour in his slumber. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a alone author and had a alone authorship manner heoften wrote about the day-to-day life and community and puritan devastation. Although he was a Puritan he was non the typical Puritan author and wrote from a different position about the puritan life. His most The novel The Scarlet Letter is possibly one of the most widely-read and most representative of many of the subjects in the plants of N athaniel Hawthorne. Aside from the fact that it is set during the Puritan period in American history. it deals with many topics other plants. most notably his celebrated short narrative The Minister’s Black Veil. approach—the subject of wickedness. particularly secret wickedness. Hawthorne was fascinated with the thought of wickedness and penalty and this subject is expressed overtly in The Scarlet Letter by the erosion of the embroidered missive itself and covertly through many of the minor characters such as Roger Chillingworth are literally eaten away by wickedness. Like Esther’s lover the sermonizer in The Scarlet Letter who is troubled by secret wickedness. so excessively is the curate in the short narrative by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Minister’s Black Veil. Aside from utilizing the allegory signifier to state moral narratives. it is of import to observe that the plants of Nathaniel Hawthorne are non at wholly simple mortality narratives with a spiritual intent. Hawthorne was composing during the Romanticism motion and he besides seeks to research subjects of nature and world every bit good as to force the bounds of human imaginativeness and creativeness. One grade of this manner is the usage of the occult. which surely occurs in about every narrative by Nathaniel Hawthorne. although to different extents. Novels such as. The House of the Seven Gables. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s part to American literature can be taken literally or merely his debut of a new authorship manner and a different position on Puritan ways. In 1824 he published Fanshawe anonymously. and leter that twelvemonth he published â€Å"the token† and Peter parley. In 1832 he published immature Goodman brown† Roger malvin’s burial† and â€Å"My Kinsman major malineux†Ã¢â‚¬ a women’s narrative â€Å" The hollow of the three hills† . In 1835 he published â€Å"anthencieum† . In 1837 he published. â€Å"twice told tales† American Magazine of utile and entertaining cognition. In 1841 he published â€Å"grandfathers chains†* and the following twelvemonth he published†democratic review† and his most celebrated work was published in 1845 & lt ; †scarlet letter’ . In 1846 he worked on â€Å"African journals† â€Å"a wonderbook for male childs and misss in 1851 and the house of seven gables† in 1851 and in 1852 he published the â€Å"blithdale romance† in 1855 he published tangled for misss and boys† His last plants are in 1860 â€Å"the marble faun† and our old home†1863. He is known for being the first amercian writer to use a rtistic judgement to puritan society.